He Company Vision and Superordinate Goals Essay

He Company Vision and Superordinate Goals - Essay Example The report seeks to establish the relationship between United States Army Training and Doctrine Command’s (TRADOC) vision and super ordinate goals. Their interaction is affected by the organization’s staff, skills, structure, strategy, style and systems. The organization undertakes initial military training and education of agile soldiers, leaders and civilians suitable for any operational environment in a prolonged time. United States Army Training and Doctrine Command TRADOC is a command organization of the United States military that is situated in Virginia. According to US Army website (2012), the organization is involved in military training, formulation and development of operational doctrines and presiding over the development of new weapon systems. Vision The organization is involved in the development and training of soldiers, leaders and civilians. It also designs, integrates and develops capabilities and doctrines through professional use of equipments and fo rmations geared towards strengthening the United States military through army force generation. The attainment of this vision requires interconnecting of the staff roles to ensure efficient leadership and achievement of super ordinate goals. The organization management is charged with the responsibility of organizing the system structures and elements to ensure efficiency. ... This will enable the development of professional leaders and efficient military personnel (US Army, 2012). Additionally, the general applies the current technology in improving equipments and revolutionizing training to ensure that the personnel adapt to the changing technology. Some of the measures applied in improving the performance of the organization are professional examination of the future trends within the organization, proper role definition and prior professional planning for implementation of the proposed strategies. Super Ordinate Goals The super ordinate goals dictate the essential purpose of the organization. Most of these goals are related to the development of the essential work force. TRADOC is involved in leadership development whereby candidates are professionally trained to efficiently cope with the changing leadership environments. Leadership training involves the analysis of the current leadership deficits in the military and closing the information gaps and in consistencies that causes the deficits. A successful future requires efficient leadership that has the capacity to adapt and ensure mutual reinforcement among the organization’s elements (Bolman and Deal, 2002). The organization undertakes initial military training and education of agile soldiers, leaders and civilians suitable for any operational environment in a prolonged period. Another goal is the creation of dominant land force through evaluating, developing and integrating talents and abilities. Finally, TRADOC formulates doctrines and concepts that are flexible and efficient enough to adapt to the evolving technologies. The doctrines provide the guidelines required for

Gender Analysis of The Crying Game

Gender Analysis of The Crying Game Through a close analysis of The Crying Game, examine Judith Butler’s notion of the performativity of gender There appear to be many similarities between Neil Jordan’s 1992 movie The Crying Game and Judith Butler’s theory of the performativity of gender as promulgated in her seminal book Gender Trouble, which has been one of the most hotly contested intellectual studies on feminism published in the past fifty years. Both managed to cause major controversy by turning the traditional notion of gender on its head and both invite the audience/reader to question society’s making of ‘man’, ‘woman’, ‘masculinity’ and ‘femininity’. The following analysis seeks to show how Butler’s ideas managed to permeate Jordan’s film, which is – it should be noted – a much more complex movie than a mere study of gender issues. First, however, a definition of the ‘performativity’ of gender must be attempted so as to establish a conceptual framework for the remainder of the discussion. Judith Butler’s theory on gender should be interpreted within the broader social and political context of feminist theory that came in two distinct ‘waves’ during the 1960’s and the 1970’s. After securing the requisite political achievements gained by the advances of the first wave, the second, more radicalised wave of feminism sought to challenge historical notions of man and woman in western society, â€Å"which maintains male dominance by co‑opting women and suppressing the feminine. These arguments link dominant western forms of rationality with male power and control over women and nature, which is associated with violence, oppression and destruction.†[1] Thus, while Butler’s views are doubtlessly revolutionary, they should also be read within this dominant feminist climate of deep‑seated change that characterised the second half of the twentieth century in the West, which sought to deliberately create divisions between heterosexual men and heterosexual women in order to further the feminist cause. This is also the reason behind the alliance between radical feminism and the gay and lesbian communities, which was forged at this time and which is directly relevant to the performativity of gender as seen in The Crying Game. Butler’s views deviate from the feminist norm with regards to the way in which she formulates the idea of having to ‘perform’ the parts of man and woman in contemporary society. In this sense, she sees both masculinity and femininity as being manufactured by culture and she plants the idea that if this culture were structured along less visibly male‑female lines, then the two g enders would behave in a discernibly different manner. This is the idea which is used in The Crying Game to which attention must now be turned. The Crying Game is a movie that is as much about the Troubles of the IRA as it is a film about trans‑gender analysis. The plot concerns the nucleus of a small band of Irish terrorists who kidnap a British soldier (Forest Whitaker) for the purpose of exchanging him in order to secure the release of captive IRA operatives in UK jails. The gang is led by Maguire (Adrian Dunbar) and also contains Jude (Miranda Richardson) and Fergus (Stephen Rea.) It is the character of Fergus who will become the main focus of the film as first he finds himself unable to the kill the British soldier, Jody and subsequently he embarks upon discovering the dead man’s lover, Dil (Jaye Davidson) to whom he finds himself immediately attracted. This burgeoning relationship between Fergus and Dil is fraught with tension as Fergus feels tortured by guilt for the death of Jody (although Fergus lets him go, the soldier is still accidentally killed by a British tank). This tension is an essential cinem atic precursor to the movie’s central plot twist, which comes as a major surprise to the viewing audience. Before moving towards a critical appraisal of the revelation that occurs within the relationship of Dil and Fergus, mention must be made of the way in which Neil Jordan manages to exploit the traditional notions of woman in film. By picking an androgynous looking actor to play Dil, the director tricks the audience into believing a traditional heterosexual relationship between a man and a woman is about to take place – a relationship rendered tragic by the loss both characters have already suffered. This coupling, in film history, has usually seen the man seducing the woman who acts as the aesthetically beautiful centrepiece of the action. â€Å"In the celluloid brothel of the cinema, where the merchandise may be eyed endlessly but never purchased, the tension between the beauty of the woman, which is admirable, and the denial of the sexuality which is the source of that beauty but is also immoral, reaches a perfect impasse.†[2] Therefore, when it slowly transpires that Dil is not yet another example of the cinematic female beauty but is in fact a man, the sense of shock is all the more pronounced. As with Butler’s idea on the performativity of gender, Jordan stops short of stating this development as a fact; instead, it is left open to conjecture as a philosophical question: does Dil’s biology mean that he is a man no matter what or does the fact that he has assumed a female role mean that he has transgressed the gender divide to become a woman in the cultural sense? This is a key line of inquiry in radical feminist ideology and one that has no direct answer. For instance, although traditionalists would argue that no‑one can ever reverse the gender of their birth liberals would likewise state that gender is a construct of society and that both males and females should be freely able to choose not only their sexuality but also their gender. This is a direct descendent of Judith Butlerâ⠂¬â„¢s Gender Trouble where the author argues the case that men and women both perform the roles of masculine and feminine without ever questioning its validity in this way. â€Å"Gender is †¦ a construction that regularly conceals its genesis; the tacit collective agreement to perform, produce and sustain discrete and polar genders as cultural fictions is obscured by the credibility of those productions – and the punishments that attend not agreeing to believe in them.†[3] Fergus’ response to the realisation that Dil is a transvestite is typically male and typical of society’s general horror at such transgressions of sexuality and gender. His first response is to punch Dil in the face and retract his previous statements of affection. He exits the scene, leaving Dil lying bloodied on the floor. Fergus’ disgust is mirrored in the shock felt by the contemporary cinema audience, which was manifested in mass protests from Christian and conformist communities when the film was released both in the UK and abroad. The director makes sure not to over or under dramatise the revelation of Dil’s transgression of gender, preferring instead to let the remainder of the plot play out to the backdrop of the shock of the ongoing relationship between the two main characters. With the spectre of the IRA unexpectedly re‑appearing towards the end of the film, the audience is transported away from the notion of the performativity of gender to see how Fergus is able to rise above his initial feeling of disgust to save Dil from prison after the shooting of Fergus’ old comrade, Jude. Interestingly, Dil is compelled to murder Jude when it transpires that she had enjoyed a sexual relationship with Jody while the soldier was in her captivity. Thus, there is no doubt that – after all that has transpired – Dil still identifies herself as a woman and is directly challenged by the more obviously feminine Jude. At this point, mention must be made of the difference between Butlerâ€⠄¢s notion of the performativity of gender and the kind of transgender concepts encapsulated in drag and cross‑dressing. â€Å"In the majority of the works that have followed in Butler’s wake, drag (as the parodic enactment of gender) is represented as something one can choose to do: the imputation is that one can be whatever type of gender one wants to be, and can perform gender in whatever way one fancies. This is what you might call a voluntarist model of identity because it assumes that it is possible to freely and consciously create one’s own identity. Whilst in many ways this voluntarist account of gender performance is in direct contrast with Butler’s notion of performativity, it is also, at least in part, a consequence of the ambiguity of Butler’s own account of the distinction between performance and performativity in Gender Trouble.†[4] Appropriately, Neil Jordan never alludes to whether or not Dill is voluntarily transgressing gender or whether it is a biological necessity for man to have morphed into woman. This mirrors Butler’s ambiguity and the ambiguity that pervades every aspect of the notion of crossing gender, which is one of the more intellectually challenging concepts for any society to grapple with. Ultimately, though, The Crying Game ends with a hint of the director’s views on the subject. During the final scene, which is set years later, Dil asks Fergus why he took the blame for her. Recounting an earlier scene, Fergus replies, â€Å"It’s in my nature.† This implies that there is no choice with regards to gender, sexuality and performance. We are what we are. Conclusion The Crying Game is a challenging film that operates on a variety of levels. Politics, race and gender are all subject to scrutiny without being dealt with in a moralistic way. Judith Butler’s notion pertaining to the performativity of gender is likewise a multifaceted study that has greatly influenced feminist ideology and has clearly infiltrated the mind of director Neil Jordan. In the final analysis, there can be no doubt that there is a strong link between the two without any simple, broad‑based conclusion being put forward by either party. In both instances, it is left up to the reader and viewer to make their minds up concerning gender and the wider issue of whether it is nature that constructs our sexual being or whether it is cultural nurturing that subconsciously encourages us to play the roles of heterosexual men and women. This is a difficult sensible balancing act to maintain, yet it is also ultimately sensible as both The Crying Game and Gender Trouble arriv e at the opinion that there can be no one deduction that manages to satisfy everyone. The conclusion, like the choice of gender and sexuality, must in the end be wholly subjective. BIBLIOGRAPHY Butler, J. (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity London: Routledge Carter, A. (1978) The Saideian Woman and the Ideology of Pornography New York: Harper Row Featherstone, M. (Ed.) (2000) Body Modification London: SAGE Shaviro, S. (1993) The Cinematic Body: Theory out of Bounds, Volume 2 Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press Stallybrass, P. and White, A. (1986) The Politics and Poetics of Transgression London: Routledge Sullivan, N. (2003) A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Weedon, C. (1987) Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory London and New York: Blackwell FILMS The Crying Game (Neil Jordan; 1992) Footnotes [1] Weedon, C. (1987) Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory London and New York: Blackwell, p.7 [2] Carter, A. (1978) The Saideian Woman and the Ideology of Pornography New York: Harper Row, p.60 [3] Butler, J. (1990) Gender Trouble London: Routledge, p.140 [4] Sullivan, N. (2003) A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p.87

the mind Essay -- essays research papers

Free Your Mind - Free Your Life. Escape entrapment by developing: thought emotion, and communication. Clear out your mental garbage and Develop new ways of thinking. Avoid being overwhelmed - by your emotions or by another's. Be in control of your feelings and be in control your life. Renew your mind and renew your existence. We are trapped within our minds within our universes. Like the maker of the computer who becomes controlled by his creation, we as spiritual beings have become entrapped within our own creations - our minds. Developed, like the computer, to free us from the tedium of routine existence, our minds have become our masters. Made originally for us to control, they now control us. Minds full of junk As beings living now, we have minds filled with junk - perhaps from many aeons ago. And ways of doing things that belong in the days of tooth and claw! We need to both clean out our minds, and remake new, more useful programs to help us live effectively and to continue our spiritual quest. Our minds contain thoughts, procedures and images - pictures, sounds, feelings and taste-smells. We think by following procedures we have developed - but probably long forgotten and long been unaware of. For example, in a phobic situation, we see something which we associate with some emotions and consequently behave in a certain way. In the phobic state the emotion is fear and the behaviour is probably escape or attack. In a phobia the thing we are afraid of is not a threat to the body. "Nothing is a threat to the spirit!" (Nothing is a threat to the spirit!) The fear is irrational or extreme. Even if we do not have phobias, the principle affects all of us. The way we think in phobicly does not help us at all. At the very most it is a relic from some past threat. Phobias are not usually big issues with many of us, but their principle affects us all, when we think of irrational nervousness in situations where there is no physical threat. And the same mechanism works whenever we loose control of ourselves, either due to extremely pleasurable or painful emotions. We react with too much emotion and overwhelm ourselves. When we hear speech in a certain tone, for example, and we note certain actions we might conclude that the other person doesn't like us, and we think we should get our own back. Mental program: ... When ... ...fainted in a certain situation. She could not recall the image she made in that situation - that frightened her so much she fainted. So Freud sent her back to that situation, with the instructions that she should remember the image this time! By becoming aware and confronting the image, the girl was able to overcome her fainting attacks! Making Progress In making our progress we need to clear the mind of old, useless thoughts. We need to be aware of them and deal with them appropriately. These thoughts can be mental images, sounds, etc, and also language. Our minds can generalise and the troublesome thinking might be extremely abstract generalisations. By clearing the mind of this debris and replacing old, useless procedures with useful ones we can begin to make spiritual progress, and begin to learn about our true nature. Minds are useful, but not minds filled with garbage. The answer isn't to throw out the mind, but to clean it up and put the right data in it this time! Freed of our fears and our excitements, we can begin to live live more fully and happily, attaining our goals for the benefit of all. We will also have removed some of the impediments to spiritual development.

Rhetorical Analysis on Lux Toilet Soap Ad Essay

Lux Toilet Soap Susan Sanders Devry University Lux Toilet Soap A 1954 ad for Lux Toilet Soap states, â€Å"Luscious is the word for Greer Garson’s complexion and she keeps it that way with Lux Toilet Soap. †This statement is an example of how emotional appeal is used in the ad to grab the reader’s attention. The advertiser uses character appeal by including information about Garson’s success in the ad to make the reader want to use the product. Logical appeal is used when a refund is offered to leave the reader with no objections to trying the product. The Greer Garson Lux Toilet Soap ad was effective in raising product awareness and profits due to its usage of these appeals. Garson is pictured against a white background with a vine of grapes in hand in the ad. Purple is the color theme here, as Garson’s eye makeup, necklace and grapes are of this color. This gives the ad a sense of sophistication, warmth, luxury and even a little mystery. This grabs the reader’s attention and makes her want to read the ad. The reader’s attention is then drawn to a sentence below Garson in which the first word, â€Å"Luscious,† is of a larger font size than the rest of the text. The color pink draws the reader to look in the bottom right corner of the ad, where a Lux Toilet Soap wrapper reveals the bar of soap. This completes the attraction, femininity, and smooth texture of the ad. The image and larger-sized text are present in the advertisement to appeal to the reader’s emotion of craving for Garson’s flawless skin. Women of this time were open to ideas on how to look as beautiful as possible. This could have been to succeed in their careers or simply to please a man. Looks play a large role in any aspiring actresses success because she is trying to talk people into casting her for roles. In addition, having and taking care of a family was a very important part of women’s lives. They had to look their best in the hopes of getting a husband. This advertisement had their solution and informed the readers to use Lux Toilet Soap to get that desired look. If the picture of Garson wasn’t enough to get the reader to find character appeal in the advertisement, there is also smaller blue text at the bottom of the ad informing them of her credentials. The ad states, â€Å"Besides being beautiful, Greer Garson is intelligent (she’s lectured Shakespeare), talented (probably won more awards than any other film actress)†¦ † There is also a statement at the top of the ad promoting a movie Garson most recently starred in, â€Å"Her Twelve Men. † The ad then goes on to state her insistence on the use of Lux Toilet Soap in her home and dressing room, as well as the statistic â€Å"Greer’s used Lux for years now-she believes in it, like 9 out of 10 Hollywood stars do.This information about Garson’s career leads readers to trust in her belief of the soap’s effectiveness. It suggests that the reader should want to use the Lux soap because successful and beautiful people like Garson do. If it plays some part in Garson’s success, then the reader might have that same luck with life as well, after using Lux soap. As the reader continues through the text, the final appeal is utilized, logic. The ad states that â€Å"Miss Garson’s luscious complexion is as good a recommendation as we know of for using Lux Toilet Soap. If you find Lux isn’t everything a good soap can be, we’ll return what you paid for it. Fair enough? † After being presented this offer, the reader runs out of objections to trying the product. Reasoning tells them to buy it, try it, if it isn’t satisfactory, get a refund, and no loss would be incurred. The offer leaves the reader with a feeling of obligation to buying the product. It is important that the ad achieves this because it ultimately leads to higher sales profit. Lux Toilet Soap was not the only solution to uneven or imperfect complexion.

Organizational Conflicts and Building Coalitions

Conflict within the organization is an every day reality as no one individual will have the same opinion or style. The differences found amongst people in the workplace has required perceptions to change when it comes to leading a team and implementing strategy. One's attitude must be flexible and tolerant of change and conflict. Conflict must be an accepted factor or otherwise the organization will not survive. In many ways, leaders and management look at conflict as a positive. Because conflict taking time and effort to resolve, it also allows for critical thinking and opening the path for new ideas and solutions. This works to the company's advantage over the long run as it continues to think outside the box or get do away with the box entirely. This leads to innovation. The attitude toward knowledge has evolved because more than one type is needed in order to implement a new idea. This changes the needs of workers and organizations as diffusion of innovation takes place as many different points of view are considered. While the idea that conflict can be a positive, leaders must also keep in mind the other side of the spectrum or the negative. While conflict can lead to innovation, it can also open up the employee to too many opportunities, which can influence their creativity and productivity. It produces a whole new reality that employees may not be prepared to handle. Product diversification could mean failure. Technology, while it is wondrous and makes jobs easier, can also be dangerous. With telecommunications, a new breed of crime has been created with identity theft and corporate brand protection becoming important. Technology can be disastrous if put in the wrong hands. With innovations come new inventions that make our lives easier but also have a higher risk when used. This is the nature of the realm of possibility. This can backfire as it can also destroy and impose new rules of conduct upon communities. As much as many like the idea of innovation, for those scared of change, it is difficult to embrace fully. This leads to further conflict or counter movements to conserve what is left because the longer a conflict goes unresolved, the harder it is fix. This like a lack of communication can lead to a break in the cycle for the organization. Still organizational conflict and change is about the future. However, as more products and services are produced and distributed throughout the world, debate continues regarding leaders' obligation to take on more social responsibility. To change the way business is conducted, we may need to establish new operational styles that set new expectations for both today's work force and corporate accountability. Looking at a corporation like Johnson and Johnson, one realizes within a team everyone has a function to meet production quotas and the harmony produced translates into efficiency. Total Quality Management (TQM) is still evident as companies push to analyze productivity as it reflects success, profit, as the numbers still remain the bottom line. Change means introducing new players to the reality, which one takes the risk, could lead to further conflict or creation. This means the possibility of interacting with outsiders or traveling in other countries for opportunities. One such situation can arise when an American company sets up shop in England. How will the locals react to such international involvement and on what levels will this be tolerated? How much will gained by so much change or resulting conflict? It is the ability to accept the new reality of today's workplace that makes an organization competitive. A company like Johnson and Johnson faces many challenges in the future due to this new reality.

Depiction of character through music and words Essays

Depiction of character through music and words Essays Depiction of character through music and words Essay Depiction of character through music and words Essay so alive. Released from the constraints of social etiquette and expected respectability, the unsavoury side of Jekyll becomes powerful, ruthless, and free. The same happens in the reprise of Alive, after Hyde has wandered the streets and committed his first murder. In contrast to Jekyll singing about sitting with the Gods, Hyde states I feel Ill live on forever, with Satan himself as my guide, and Ill show the world that tonight and forever, the name to remembers the name Edward Hyde! ) Both sides of Jekylls character want recognition and fame for completely different reasons although, ironically, recognition of either side will prove that Jekylls theory was indeed true, if poorly thought out and underestimated. The next song we hear from Jekyll is the haunting Obsession in which he considers what is happening to him and accepts that Hyde is indeed a darker side of himself, and that he must have been harbouring these feelings and depravities deep inside himself in order for them to be brough t to the fore by Hyde. We hear Jekylls remorse, his self doubt, and his desperation. We also hear resignation and exhaustion. What streak of madness lies inside of me, what is the truth my fears conceal, what evil force makes Edward Hyde of me, what darker side of me does he reveal? Am I the man that I appear to be, or am I someone I dont know? Jekyll is desperate, feeling himself being dominated by the character of Hyde, and yet he manages to gather his strength and resolves to put things to rights, to conquer the evil inside himself and get back to where he began. In the song The Way Back he remembers the dream he first had, the reasons he wanted to undertake his experiments, and that the good side of him is what matters. He sings Somehow Ive got to rebuild all the dreams that the winds have scattered, from what fate has shattered, Ill retrieve what mattered. He also asks God for his help, in contrast to Hyde being with Satan (God you must help me carry on, when it seems all hope has gone) The most effective song through which to examine the way the characters are portrayed in the musical is the Confrontation wherein Jekyll and Hyde battle for survival. It begins with Jekyll singing a reprise of the first verse of Lost In The Darkness, which takes us, and him, back to the beginning of the story. This time, however, it seems it is he who is lost in the darkness, he who is experiencing endless night rather ironic when we consider it was his original intention to free his own father from such a plight. Hyde then takes over and sings, again with short, rhythmic phrases, telling Jekyll he will never set him free, never let him go. He expresses his supremacy over Jekyll (Im what you see when you face in the mirror. ong as you live I will still be here You cant control me, I live deep inside you. Each day youll feel me devour your soul) Jekyll tries to reply, tries to tell Hyde he will be rid of him, but Hyde states that he will never be free of him, that in fact Jekyll IS Hyde, and always will be. This confrontation signifies Jekylls realisation that as long as he lives, Hyde will live too as they are one and the same. His repeated shout s of NO! convey his desperation, his anger, and his refusal to admit that he has such an evil side. The music and orchestration of this piece add considerably to the atmosphere of the musical as a whole and to the representation of each side of Jekylls character. The roles of the orchestrator is vital in the success of a piece of musical theatre Snelson states that in the 1960s, orchestration progressed from the traditional woodwind, brass and strings structure to a sound more akin to a big band, centred on reeds and brass, supported by drum kit and (often electric) bass. He says this created the archetypal Broadway sound to which we are now accustomed. This certainly is true of this score. In addition to excellent orchestration, as in Bizets Carmen and also in Wagners Tristan und Isolde Wildhorn utilises leitmotifs throughout the piece to signify which character is dominant at a particular time. The use of motif and leitmotif in the composition of music has been apparent for centuries Sadie (1985, p. 59) states that Composers have always used melodic recurrence as a means of giving shape and artistic unity to a composition. He also goes on to say that . it may be a phrase, of perhaps six or seven notes, or even a motif, or a figure, of two or three. Sadie explains that the composer uses the motif persistently, so that it becomes familiar to the listener and imprints itself on their mind, therefore giving the piece a sense of unity. Specific instruments are also used to enhance the quality of each song and to intensify and exaggerate the personality and mood of each side of the character. Jekylls songs, before the introduction of Hyde, are written in the major key, with the exception of the first song, Lost in the Darkness, which begins in G# Minor but has a Major section, reverting back to the Minor towards the end. Take Me As I Am and This is the Moment are written in B flat major and E major respectively and as such are positive, uplifting and essentially Broadway Musical style songs. In contrast, the songs sung by Hyde, and also the Confrontation, which involves both personalities, are written in the minor key. Alive and the Alive reprise are written in A Minor, Confrontation and Dangerous Game are in E Minor, and the song I Need To Know, despite being sung by Jekyll, is in C# Minor as it is subsequent to Jekyll having begun to be dominated by Hyde. These minor keys create a sense of foreboding, of menace and danger, and are very effective in conveying the characteristics of both Jekyll and Hyde as the story unfolds. Another effective way of enhancing the portrayal of the characters is through the use of different orchestration. For Jekylls songs, the scoring mainly uses piano, keyboard and strings, particularly violin and viola. This creates a light, mellow but thought provoking atmosphere, and suggests a character who thinks deeply, who is sensitive and who is not threatening. In comparison, the orchestration for Hydes songs also includes piano, but always alongside frantic fast percussion and drum rhythm. Tremolo is used to great effect in the string section, which creates tension and suggests the anticipation of impending disaster. Hydes songs are also enhanced by choral backing, occasionally using whispered text which is a repeat of lyrics sung by Hyde himself, but mainly singing, in harmony in minor chords, on an ah sound, creating an almost ethereal effect, an eerie addition to the orchestration which sounds threatening, frightening and intimidating. This adds to the effect of Hyde being like Satan. There are several time signature changes in Hydes songs, reflecting his unpredictability, and strong, punchy brass is used to punctuate his vocal line. His melody lines are short, repetitive and contain many accidentals, flattened or natural notes which further enhance the effect of the use of the minor keys. Hydes songs are driven, relentless, and have strong, final endings. All these aspects of orchestration underpin the strength and urgency of Hydes character. Later on in the score, as Jekyll begins to be dominated by Hyde, we hear the instruments which have signified Hydes character beginning to appear in Jekylls songs. This is most apparent in Confrontation wherein although in the beginning Jekylls motif is clearly signified, eventually the brass, glissando in the strings section and the choral section begin to become more dominant than Jekylls instrumentation as Hyde emerges as the dominant force. I will conclude by stating that I feel the depiction of character in the musical Jekyll and Hyde is very effective. Although the main protagonist (and, incidentally, antagonist) is more prominent in the musical than in the original novel, I do not feel that this detracts from the narrative indeed I feel it adds depth to the character and helps us as the audience to be drawn into the action and to empathise with a character who we could have regarded with disdain and disgust. The libretto by Leslie Bricusse uses the clever repetition of phrases from the original novel, the addition of extra characters to give the protagonists existence more credence, and lyrics which give an insight into the emotions, motivations and dilemmas of the characters. Upon reading the original novel, I found it difficult to warm to any of the characters no empathy was encouraged and the reader was never given the opportunity to discover the true personalities of the people involved in the story. The musical addresses this by providing more background to the characters and their relationships with each other, making them more believable and encouraging more depth of thought on the part of the audience as the tale signifies that the horrendous subject matter of the story could indeed apply to any living human being. After all In all of us there is the duality of good and evil and the only thing that is constant is change. (Stevenson, 1886)

Edible Glowing Blood Slime

Edible Glowing Blood Slime What couldnt Halloween costume or party benefit from some blood slime? This particular slime is also edible, non-sticky and glows blue-white under a black light. Its easy to make! Glowing Blood Slime Materials 1 teaspoon soluble fiber (e.g., Metamucil)8 ounces (1 cup) diet tonic water red food coloring Make the Slime! Stir the fiber into the tonic water.Add a drop or two of food coloring. The slime gets darker during preparation, so dont add too much food coloring.Heat the liquid in a microwave-safe container until it boils. Depending on your microwave power this may be anywhere from 1-4 minutes. When the mixture boils, pause the microwave and stir the slime.Cook the microwave another 1-2 minutes. Stir it.Repeat the cooking/stirring cycle a total of 4-5 times, until the slime develops a gelatinous consistency. Carefully remove the slime from the microwave. The container will be very hot!Let the slime cool before you handle it. You can play with it, decorate with it, or even eat it. No matter what color you made your slime, it will glow blue-white under a black light or ultraviolet light. The glow is fluorescence from the quinine in the tonic water.Store your slime in a sealed bowl or plastic bag. If you are just decorating with it, its fine at room temperature, but if you plan on putting the slime in your mouth, its a good idea to refrigerate leftovers. While the slime wont stick to most surfaces, the food coloring will cause it to stain fabrics and skin. Clean up slime with soap and water. Your favorite stain remover will take out the food coloring. Watch a video of this project.

Finding Chi-Square Functions in Excel

Finding Chi-Square Functions in Excel Statistics is a subject with a number of probability distributions and formulas. Historically many of the calculations involving these formulas were quite tedious. Tables of values were generated for some of the more commonly used distributions and most textbooks still print excerpts of these tables in appendices. Although it is important to understand the conceptual framework that works behind the scenes for a particular table of values, quick and accurate results require the use of statistical software. There are a number of statistical software packages. One that is commonly used for calculations at the introductory is Microsoft Excel. Many distributions are programmed into Excel. One of these is the chi-square distribution. There are several Excel functions that use the chi-square distribution. Details of Chi-square Before seeing what Excel can do, let’s remind ourselves about some details concerning the chi-square distribution. This is a probability distribution that is asymmetric and highly skewed to the right. Values for the distribution are always nonnegative. There is actually an infinite number of chi-square distributions. The one in particular that we are interested in is determined by the number of degrees of freedom that we have in our application. The greater the number of degrees of freedom, the less skewed our chi-square distribution will be. Use of Chi-square A chi-square distribution  is used for several applications. These include: Chi-square test- To determine if the levels of two categorical variables are independent of one another.Goodness of fit test- To determine how well-observed values of a single categorical variable match with values expected by a theoretical model.Multinomial Experiment- This is a specific use of a chi-square test. All of these applications require us to use a chi-square distribution. Software is indispensable for calculations concerning this distribution. CHISQ.DIST and CHISQ.DIST.RT in Excel There are several functions in Excel that we can use when dealing with chi-square distributions. The first of these is CHISQ.DIST( ). This function returns the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution indicated. The first argument of the function is the observed value of the chi-square statistic. The second argument is the number of degrees of freedom. The third argument is used to obtain a cumulative distribution. Closely related to CHISQ.DIST is CHISQ.DIST.RT( ). This function returns the right-tailed probability of the selected chi-squared distribution. The first argument is the observed value of the chi-square statistic, and the second argument is the number of degrees of freedom. For example, entering CHISQ.DIST(3, 4, true) into a cell will output 0.442175. This means that for the chi-square distribution with four degrees of freedom, 44.2175% of the area under the curve lies to the left of 3. Entering CHISQ.DIST.RT(3, 4 ) into a cell will output 0.557825. This means that for the chi-square distribution with four degrees of freedom, 55.7825% of the area under the curve lies to the right of 3. For any values of the arguments, CHISQ.DIST.RT(x, r) 1 – CHISQ.DIST(x, r, true). This is because the part of the distribution that does not lie to the left of a value x must lie to the right. CHISQ.INV Sometimes we start with an area for a particular chi-square distribution. We wish to know what value of a statistic we would need in order to have this area to the left or the right of the statistic. This is an inverse chi-square problem and is helpful when we want to know the critical value for a certain level of significance. Excel handles this sort of problem by using an inverse chi-square function. The function CHISQ.INV returns the inverse of the left tailed probability for a chi-square distribution with specified degrees of freedom. The first argument of this function is the probability to the left of the unknown value. The second argument is the number of degrees of freedom. Thus, for example, entering CHISQ.INV(0.442175, 4) into a cell will give an output of 3. Note how this is the inverse of the calculation we looked at earlier concerning the CHISQ.DIST function. In general, if P CHISQ.DIST(x, r), then x CHISQ.INV( P, r). Closely related to this is the CHISQ.INV.RT function. This is the same as CHISQ.INV, with the exception that it deals with right-tailed probabilities. This function is particularly helpful in determining the critical value for a given chi-square test. All we need to do is to enter the level of significance as our right-tailed probability, and the number of degrees of freedom. Excel 2007 and Earlier Earlier versions of Excel use slightly different functions to work with chi-square. Previous versions of Excel only had a function to directly calculate right-tailed probabilities. Thus CHIDIST corresponds with the newer CHISQ.DIST.RT, In a similar way, CHIINV corresponds to CHI.INV.RT.

Ghana Stock Market Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14750 words

Ghana Stock Market - Dissertation Example This paper addresses the issues involved in making the stock market work for the improvement of a borderline national economy that is venturing into this financial activity for the first time. For a more comprehensive undertaking, we will start by assessing the benefits that can be derived from the establishment of a stock market. The idea is to ascertain how the stock market contributes to the improved allocation of capital to industry, what is the relationship between stock market development and economic growth, and what factors determine stock market development. More important, the study aims to discover the surefire ways by which poor countries that have yet to attain financial depth and expertise can make their newly established stock exchanges more functional and useful. From the general perspective, the paper shifts its focus on the dynamics of a particular stock market, which is the young securities and equity market of Ghana. Established only 10 years ago, the Ghana stock market exhibits the inefficiencies that may be described as its growing pains. The literature suggests that a country’s overall economic climate is the biggest influencing factor on stock market development, which means that Ghana faces formidable odds because of its low level of economic growth. This shows in the lackluster performance of the stock market as exemplified by the low levels of both individual and institutional investments. Latest data place individual and institutional investments at a miserable $5,000 and $20,000, respectively. This reflects in the relatively tiny client base of the market and the minuscule number of listed companies on the exchange. 1.3. Research Questions The paper will attempt to address the following set of questions: 1. What benefits can a developing country gained from the stock market that operates efficiently 2. What is the relationship between stock market development and economic growth

Research legal specialty software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research legal specialty software - Essay Example It has several features that are user friendly to the attorneys and they adhere to the Law Practice Optimization (LPO) guidelines. Some of the features that are useful in a law office and are provided by the Legal Assistant software program include but are not limited to: an optimized workflow of case management, billing, it has client management and time management, it customizes documents to fit an individual’s style, the software automatically generates letters and distributes them through either soft or hard copy, it also has several modules for the different legal practice areas. The best feature of all for those with limited office time is that it is compatible with other Microsoft Office features and hence no need to keep on migrating to look for those features. It is as effective as a paralegal (http://www.thelegalassistant.com/). Since this software program is developed by Attorneys, it is cost friendly for those who want to purchase. For the legal firms which are just starting or have limited cash flow, the software can be rented at low monthly charges of around $75. This software does not require to be installed in each computer in the office. It can be installed in one and then networking of the other PCs enable the access and usage of the software to the other individuals in the office. This is a benefit no other software program has and is also cost effective to the legal firms (Cornick,

Why Sex Education Should Be Taught In Schools Essay

Why Sex Education Should Be Taught In Schools - Essay Example The research will be that of a case study analyzing, in detailed and succinct manner, teenage pregnancies as the most effective factor in sex education. Recent research reveals that there have been high increases in the cases of teenage pregnancies. Studies conducted over the last five years state that for every 100 school going/teenage girls, two of them are dropouts due to pregnancies. The statistics or findings have been backed up by the increased abortion cases in the state. The major cause of abortion has been discovered to be teenage pregnancies. This discussion stresses that several questionnaires were distributed to several respondents in Chicago with an aim of investigating the people’s reactions, views, or attitudes towards sex education in schools. The questionnaires were distributed in three different areas; Oak Park, Cicero, and Illinois. Six hundred questionnaires were distributed in each location. The questionnaires were of two types, the different being the ages of correspondents. The first types targeted the old age, most of whom were married people with their kids at school. These questionnaires constituted to a third of the total number of questionnaires distributed in each region. The remaining two thirds were distributed to school going students, both in college, university, and high school.  Interviews were conducted on 100 people from different places in the state and results were recorded, and analyzed.

Organisational Change in Dell Incorporated Research Paper

Organisational Change in Dell Incorporated - Research Paper Example Its main feature is the utilization of total quality management (TQM) approach, highly flexible and motivated workforce, Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing philosophy, and the pursuit of satisfying customers at a global level. The introduction of the WCM system in Dell represents one of the major organizational changes in the history of the company. Currently, Dell is recognized for this unique business model which is very much different from the ones used by our competitors. This organizational change can be best described by the Total Quality Management and Lean Manufacturing Models. Consistent with the goal of a world-class manufacturer, TQM denotes a set of management practices within the organization which is implemented to ensure the quality of products and services offered. The primary goal of TQM is the production of commodities which consistently meets or even exceeds customer requirements. With Dell, this means the emphasis on process measurement and controls to pursue continuous improvement. However, TQM does not just involve the production system or processes of the company but embraces the whole operation of a manufacturing business. Implementing TQM involves modifying the whole organization as it has a strong bearing on the culture, attitude, and organization of the company. TQM culture requires the unmatched quality in all aspects of the company's operations with things being done right the first time, and defects and waste eradicated from operations. Important aspects of TQM include customer-driven quality, top management leadership and commitment, continuous improvement, fast response, actions based on facts, employee participation, and a TQM culture. On the other hand, Dell also put in place the Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing philosophy from Japan. This concept is attributed to automaker Toyota. JIT is consistent with the lean manufacturing philosophy of producing the necessary units, in the necessary quantities at the necessary time with the required quality. JIT is a lean manufacturing system which became an innovative approach for Dell to achieve excellence in the reduction or the total elimination of "wastes" which includes overproduction, unneeded inventory, defective products, and transport and waiting time. Thus, the JIT philosophy is an elimination of non-value adding activities in the company's supply chain to boost manufacturing efficiency, driving down cost, and ensuring maximum customer satisfaction by driving down prices of commodities. The shift to a leaner manufacturing system which prioritizes the elimination of the "wastes" in production necessitated the installation of the following essential elements and features to the manufacturing system: regular meetings of the workforce to discuss the company's practices, confront and solve problems; emphasis on consultation and cooperation (i.e. involving the workforce) rather than confrontation; modification of machinery to reduce setup time; reduction of buffer stock, exposition of problems, reveal bad practices; and elimination of the security blanket of stock. In order to show how the new manufacturing system supported by the principled of TQM and lean manufacturing works, we will look at the supply chain of Dell. Â  

One page summary 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page summary 2011 - Essay Example The scatter diagram simply provides graphical evidence that there is an existing relationship and will also provide some idea regarding the strength of the relationship. A scatter diagram is constructed by plotting the values of one variable on the horizontal axis, and the corresponding value of the other variable on the vertical axis. The strength of the relationship is determined by the variability of the cluster of points relative to a mathematical expression describing the association. A run chart is a time-ordered chart, that is, individual measurements are plotted in the order in which they occur, and then connecting the points for ease in interpretation. It is best used to identify sustained shifts or trends in the process average. A control chart is a run chart with control limits. These limits represent the maximum and minimum allowable values for any individual plotted point. Any point that exceeds these limits provides statistical evidence that the process average has changed and that the chart’s centerline is no longer a reliable approximation. Thus, a control chart tests the statistical stability of the

TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENC - Essay Example The challenge therefore is about getting a clear distinction between terrorism and crime. Acts of terrorism has risen tremendously in the world and they are normally carried out by those with extreme goals. United States Department of Defense sees terrorism as an act of unlawful violence intended to create fear and used to intimidate governments or societies either for political, religious or ideological reasons. Terrorism is so much linked to political violence Historical Aspect of Terrorism Acts of terrorism has been in existence for millennia and so it is not something that just began the other day. The question one asks is, can an Unabomber doing a campaign for terrorism be termed as criminal, terrorist or a revolutionist? The French revolutionary state got into the same state of confusion when it instituted systematic state terror around 1970s leading to death of many people. Concept of moral equivalency broadens definition of what constitutes terrorism and that which is not. Cr itics argue that what matters is the outcome of the act and not the intent. If a military force with uniform cause damage to a population is categorized as the same as directing a bomb to the civilians deliberately. Anyone is termed as a terrorist as long as that person has caused harm to innocent civilians only that military action is a form of terrorism with a different name (Fridell,2001). Terrorism flexible and adaptable and therefore these characteristics have led to confusion all over the world. Tactics of committing acts of terrorism have been changing significantly over the recent past and more importantly increase in the number of causes and social context for terrorism. Nowadays most terrorist continue to perform their acts in the name of revolution and fulfillment of religious duties. The change of tactics makes it difficult for government and the security agencies and to fight this vice in the society. The elected leaders who are charged with the responsibility of fighti ng for people’s rights are the main culprits and most of them do these things to maintain their political positions. Terrorism traces its roots to so many years back and it has been going through series of revolution. The very first kind of terrorism of 1st and 14th century AD that exhibits the same acts as one’s being experienced today was Zealots of Judea, who Romans refer to as dagger-men campaigned for assassination of the Roman forces and those Jews who collaborated with them. Their aim was to express their belief that they were not ready anymore to remain subjects to Roman rule while being dictated by Judaism. Another group was the Assassins a group that broke from Shia Islam adopting a tactic of assassinating enemy leaders because the cult prevented open combat owing to limited manpower (Han,2010). This secretive killing of enemy leaders sends a fearful awe in their enemies and so they are forerunners of the current terrorism in terms of motivation, organization , and goals and indeed they made a psychological impact. Between 14th and 18th century, terror was applied extensively in warfare as well as in resolving conflicts. There was an uninterrupted communication and this led to open warfare. Kingdoms and principalities broke up to form nations and by then these nations had enough strength authority to curb the terrorism menace. The use of the word â€Å"Terrorism† was first initiated by French revolution following a

One page summary 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page summary 2011 - Essay Example The scatter diagram simply provides graphical evidence that there is an existing relationship and will also provide some idea regarding the strength of the relationship. A scatter diagram is constructed by plotting the values of one variable on the horizontal axis, and the corresponding value of the other variable on the vertical axis. The strength of the relationship is determined by the variability of the cluster of points relative to a mathematical expression describing the association. A run chart is a time-ordered chart, that is, individual measurements are plotted in the order in which they occur, and then connecting the points for ease in interpretation. It is best used to identify sustained shifts or trends in the process average. A control chart is a run chart with control limits. These limits represent the maximum and minimum allowable values for any individual plotted point. Any point that exceeds these limits provides statistical evidence that the process average has changed and that the chart’s centerline is no longer a reliable approximation. Thus, a control chart tests the statistical stability of the

Strategic Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management - Research Proposal Example The strategic decision making on the other hand is a more streamlined segment of the overall decision making process. It is can be considered as an ongoing process which is involved in developing strategies so that the organization is capable of achieving goals and at the same time capable of altering the existing strategies based on the outcomes. The strategic decision making is largely responsible for the success of a company as it determines the success of major operational activities like the manufacturing, marketing, distribution, etc (Stokman 1-153). This research proposal is based on the influence of strategic decisions on the operational activities of product manufacturers. The research paper will encompass the case of Toyota to justify the findings and to answer the research questions. The global business environment is increasingly becoming more competitive where the business entities are trying to seek out new ways to increase their competitive advantage and gain higher market share in the industry. This as a result makes it imperative for the organizations to ensure that they are taking the right decisions that will help them to reach achieve the organizational mission in an efficient manner. In order to achieve competitive advantage the firms need to ensure that they are able to generate the higher value at the lowest possible resource utilization. Thus this research work will allow the readers to have a clear idea of the importance of strategic decision making and how other organizations can utilize the findings to increase their operational efficiency. The research questions clearly indicate that the study will be conducted by focusing on the strategic planning and decision making of Toyota. It will help the researcher to identify the underlying process followed by a successful manufacturing company to run its operational activities. This as a result will help the researcher to make a generic

Looked After Child (LAC) Policy Analysis

Looked After Child (LAC) Policy Analysis In this essay I will be focussing on Looked After Children (LAC) as my service user group and identify relevant laws relating to the service user group and then identify recent policies which underpin this aspect of practice, and discuss the values which underpin the law in this area of practice and finally relate these legislation to my placement practice. Definition of the term looked after? The term looked after was introduced by the Children Act 1989 and refers to children who are subject to care orders and those who are voluntarily accommodated. Wherever possible, the local authority (LA) will work in partnership with parents (Pierson and Thomson, 2002). Many children will have been affected by distressing and damaging experiences including physical and sexual abuse and neglect. Some may be in care because of the illness or death of a parent. Others may have disabilities and complex needs. The majority of young people in care come from families who experience difficulties and are separated from them because their family was unable to provide adequate care. Vulnerable unaccompanied minors seeking asylum in the UK may also become looked after (Department of Education and Skills, 2004). The main pieces of legislation underpinning social services for children and young people are the Children Act 1989, the Children (Leaving Care) Act 2000 and the Adoption and Children Act 2002. Local authorities have specific legal duties in respect of children under the Children Act 1989 including: To safeguard and promote the welfare of children in their area who are in need Provided that this is consistent with the childs safety and welfare, to promote the upbringing of such children by their families, by providing services appropriate to the childs needs , to make enquiries if they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child in their area is suffering, or likely to suffer significant harm, to enable them to decide whether they should take any action to safeguard or promote the childs welfare(Brammer, 2007). Children (Leaving Care) Act 2000 places responsibilities on local authorities to provide greater support to young people living in and leaving care. These include: A duty to assess and meet the needs of young people aged 16 and 17 who qualify for the new arrangements, the provision of a personal adviser and pathway plan for all young people aged 16 to 21, or beyond for those who qualify for the new arrangements ,a duty to assist those leaving care, including with employment, education and training (the duty to assist with education and training and to provide a personal adviser and pathway plan continues for as long as a young person remains in an agreed programme, even beyond the age of 21(Brayne and Carr (2005)). Adoption and Children Act 2002 This act aligns adoption law with the Children Act 1989 to make the childs welfare the paramount consideration in all decisions to do with adoption. It includes: Provisions to encourage more people to adopt looked after children by helping to ensure that the support they need is available. A new, clear duty on local authorities to provide an adoption support service and a new right for people affected by adoption to request and receive an assessment of their needs for adoption support services .Provisions to enable unmarried couples to apply to adopt jointly, thereby widening the pool of potential adoptive parents .Stronger safeguards for adoption by improving the legal controls on intercountry adoption, arranging adoptions and advertising children for adoption .A new special guardianship order to provide security and permanence for children who cannot return to their birth families, but for whom adoption is not the most suitable option and a duty on local authorities to arrange advocacy services for looked after children and young people leaving care in the context of complaints (Department of Education and Skills,2004). The other key aspect of the duties of LAs in relation to children looked after by them is the provision of education. Every Child Matters (2000), the Children Act 1989 (s.22) (3)(a) (and amended by section 52 of the Children Act 2004) have stressed and reinforced the importance of the local authoritys duty to promote LACs educational achievements. In order to do so, a care plan needs to be produced, which would include a Personal Education Plan (PEP). The PEP would look at the childs developmental needs in terms of his/her education and, as states by Every Child Matters (2000), should be reviewed regularly. Here, partnership and inter-professional/agency work is again reinforced in order to meet the childs needs. Further, there is a need for LAs to encourage LACs to have health examinations, particularly regular checks by GPs, dentists and opticians. At the same time to acknowledge that a child can refuse this having regard to his/her age and understanding (Children Act 1989)(s.38)(6). The value of the child welfare is incorporated in the every child matters (2003) policy which emphasise that looked after children must be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve in life, make a positive contribution to society and achieve economic well being (Department of Education and Skills,2004). My second placement was with an organisation who deals with Children and Adolescents who suffer from Mental Health and also have difficulties with their status in UK. The team specifically worked with looked after children (LAC) who were suffering from emotional and psychological behavioral problems. Whilst on my placement, s31 were used most often. The social workers had to make certain that they had all the necessary documents in place before any action was taken. If a social worker interfered, without authorised documents from the courts, the birth parents could take court action against the local authorities. Legislation may at times be helpful or unhelpful for LAC. A positive aspect of legislation is that the local authority has a obligatory responsibility to make sure a care plan is in place, in accordance with the 1989 Children Acts, s26 (2) and s31A plan, within ten days of the individual being placed with the local authority. This will make sure that the individuals needs, views and wishes are taken into consideration when decisions are made. The childs parents or whoever holds parental responsibility, foster careers and an independent advisor may also be present when the care plan is been drawn up. The care plan should include factors such as the individuals education and health needs, how often contact should be made with parent/siblings. During my placement, I attended a review meeting, to discuss child x who had just been placed in a foster home. The foster carer was discussing the troubles she encountered with him, for example his challenging behavior and him missing his siblings. Following the meeting the social workers decided to speak to child x, to identify reasons for his behaviour. However, there are certain aspects of the legislation that may at times be harmful to LAC. The Children Act 1989 s22 (3) places an importance towards family stability. This may not always be in the child/young persons best interest. Kinship care may not always be suitable due to factors such as family dynamics, if the child was taken away because of abuse or neglect or there could still be contact with the birth family. The above could have a unfavorable effect on the child/young persons well being. Section 22(5) of the Children Act 1989 states that all local authority, have a duty, to consider a childs cultural and ethnic background, when placing them with foster carers. However, this may not always be possible, for service users who are from the black and ethnic minorities, due to the lack of black and ethnic minority foster carers (Colton et al, 2001). According to Colton et al (2001) there are a high proportion of black and ethnic minority children and young people, especially dual heritage service users, who are looked after. In todays society, children who are looked after are considered to be amongst the most at risk (Every child matter, 2004). Numerous having experienced hardship may be naive of their entitlements and therefore may not get their requirements met. The language often used within social work is judge to be very complex and confusing for service users, especially children and young people. Therefore Local authorities and social workers need to work in partnership with LAC, their families and agencies in order to protect and look after service users. Legislation needs to be used fittingly in order to empower service users. Research has shown when local authorities and parents work together the outcomes for the child/young person, have a higher chance of working (Thoburn et al, 1995). Social workers hold a vast amount of authority when carrying out their work therefore it is vital that they do not misuse this status. Social workers work within the restraints of policy and procedures trying to meet the needs of service users. (Allen, 1998). Good social work practice is working in partnership with all concerned. This may however cause an imbalance between the service users/family and local authority. For example, if the local authority has to remove a child due to abuse, the family may not always agree. By having awareness and working in a reflective manner, with regard to ones own personal prejudices, values and attitudes will enhance safe social work practice with service users. Legislation at times may discriminate either on a personal, cultural or structural level (Thompson, 2001). It is the duty of all social workers to be aware of this and challenge it, on all levels. In the Children Act 1989, s22 (5), tries to support anti discriminatory practice by given due consideration to LAC religious and cultural needs, before placing them with foster carers (Allen, 1998). It is important that social workers, who work with LAC and their families hold fast to the Children Act 1989.Understanding of the law is extremely important. Also social workers need to be alert and be aware of the challenge that they may meet when working within the legal framework. It is of utmost importance that social workers receive regular training to be kept informed with legislation and necessary skills, which will help to improve their current practice. Social workers need to make sure their practice is anti-discriminatory, as to empower service users and promote their autonomy. Reference Allen, N. (1998) Making sense of the Childrens Act (3rd edition), John Wiley Son Brayne, H. Carr, H. (2005) Law for Social Workers. (9th Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Colton, M.; Sanders, R.; and Williams, M. (2001) An introduction Working with children, a guide for social workers, Palgrave. Pierson, J M, Thomson (2002) Dictionary of Social Work. Harper Collins Publishers. Brammar, A. Socail Work Law,2007(2nd edition),Pearson Education Ltd. Thompson, N. (2001) Anti-Discriminatory Practice (3rd edition), Palgrave Thoburn, J.; Lewis, A and Shemmings, D. (1995) Paternalism or Partnership Family Involment in the Child Protection Process, Blackwell. Every Child Matters (2000) Guidance on the education of children and young people in public care 2000. [Online]. Available from: http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/files/9E18CB7F9306BA85A821C24BBCE18082.pdf (Accessed 4/5/2007).

Dreams :: essays research papers

Dreams After I wake up I quickly come to a reality check. Realizing that I will have a white collard job. Working through the ranks from the bottom up to reach a reasonable goal. I will have diplomas and achievements, but I doubt if I will manage a billion dollar company. In my reality working hard is part of every day life. Working hard every day feeling that I am underpaid is reality. In my dream like state again I see myself always happy. Never stressed out with the days problems or worries. Family problems are not an issue. Getting to and from work is no problem. Every idea or presentation that I have works well. Meetings run smoothly under my command. The office and staff work like a well oiled machine. All components together to reach a common goal. Reality sets in, stress is a natural part of life. Living in an ideal world with no stress or problems is boring. Anger and stress add spice and excitement to life. People always deal with stress everyday. I am no exception and either is the future. Coworkers cheery and happy enters my thoughts when dreaming of the future. Miscommunications and misunderstandings are unheard of. Every individual is nice to each other and no one is ever upset. Work atmosphere is quiet and peaceful. People respecting each one's own opinion. Every day people are on time and punctual. Work is done on time with no excuses for late work. The future is full of coworkers' being angry and disgruntled. Miscommunications and misunderstandings are a part of life. No individual is ever nice to everyone all of the time. People upset with other people is a natural process of life. Everyone has a bad day. It is not possible to be cheery and bubbly all of the time. Though nice this is not possible. Driving five minutes to work every morning in my sports car is obviously a dream. Dreaming of never having to deal with traffic or long commutes; living in a small city no bigger than 30,000. A big city is too inconvenient for travel and time. Reaching any destination takes over thirty minutes. Living in a big city is reality. Waking up at 6:00a.m. and picking up my car pool. Riding along the loop in my Geo Metro that reaches over thirty miles to the gallon. My car's starter is shot and the air-conditioning doesn't work. I will live in a big city and commute to my high rise office building down town. Each morning dreading the hour drive filled with traffic jams and spilt coffee.

Gilgameshs Lesson in Humility in Fosters The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay

Gilgamesh was destined to perfection from birth. He was created as a divine mortal, two thirds divine and one third human (5). He was a man destined to live a lavish life with all the riches a man could ever want. Unfortunately his arrogance and superior strength got in the way (Foster5). Gilgamesh was created by the gods to be perfect in every regard. But what the gods couldn't prepare him for was life and human emotions, instinct etc. Gilgamesh built a wall that protected Uruk, his home (3). He was destined to live a life like a god among his people. Gods played tug a war for the lack of better words with Gilgamesh's life. They controlled every aspect. This is where all Gilgamesh journey's began and where they would all bring him back to in the end. Ninsun Gilgamesh's mother prayed to Shamash, god of the sun asking him to protect Gilgamesh because he gave Gilgamesh a restless heart (24). Gilgamesh from birth was to play out the gods will and in doing so was always on one quest or another. First he built the wall for Ishtar, then befriended Enkidu to make peace in Uruk because t...

Helping Students Find a Purpose for Their Education Essay

It has been my observation that many of my best students became intrinsically motivated to put more effort into their education after they have decided on a career purpose. A work or career purpose or mission answers the following question: How do I want my career to benefit others? It is also important to identify who (the population) we want to benefit. An example of a work purpose statement is, â€Å"I want to help those who are sick or injured to heal and rehabilitate. † This statement does not contain a career title, but it provides guidance for exploring a variety of careers that can fulfill this purpose. For example a student with this purpose could explore a variety of careers such as nurse, doctor, physical therapist, nutritionist, athletic trainer, fitness trainer, engineer or inventor of products for persons with disabilities, etc. The career that they choose will depend on their capability and willingness to acquire the necessary skills, education, training and credentials. Ideally the career choice will be one that uses their best talents and is one they will enjoy doing. Do you ever share with students why you chose to work in the field of education? Students need to learn about different careers from adults who work in different career fields and to hear what motivated them to make their career choices. I teach college success courses and I used to wait until the end of my courses to get into career development, exploration and planning. Students did not think about a career purpose until the last week or two of my courses. Recently I started covering these ideas in the second week of my courses so that students would have a clear direction for their education much sooner. Having a career purpose can make their education relevant and is likely to generate the intrinsic motivation to study and learn. Students need to be provided with opportunities for career guidance from counselors, teachers and professors in high school and college. You do not need to be teaching college or career success courses to do this, but can weave in a few questions and ideas into other courses. Here are a few questions you can ask your students so that they can begin a process of self-reflection about their career purpose: 1. What purpose do you want to accomplish in your career? 2. What benefits do you want others to receive as a result of the work you do? 3. What specific populations of people do you want to help? 4. How do you want to contribute and make a positive difference for others? 5. If you were wealthy and chose to work what would you do? 6. What problem or need in the world would you most like to fill or solve? 7. If you knew you could not fail what type of work would you do? 8. What are some natural talents you would like to develop and use in a career to fulfill your work purpose? When we expect students who lack self-knowledge and a work purpose to choose a major and career, we are putting the cart before the horse. Identifying a purpose first will guide students into best career choices. If we help students to determine an appropriate career goal then they will also have a purpose for pursuing a good education

Mgt 520 Final Exam Study

MGMT520 Final Exam Study Guide Finals open on Saturday April 20  at 12:01 a. m. MT (Saturday morning) Finals close on Thursday April 25 at 11:59 p. m. MT (Thursday night) PLEASE DON’T WAIT TILL THE LAST MINUTE – THE SYSTEM IS BUSY AND MAY SLOW DOWN AND ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The final exam is â€Å"open book, open notes. † The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit For Grade button by then, you will be automatically exited from the exam.In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, and so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. There are three pages to your final, and each page begins with a story. The stories are quite interesting and will make the questions flow easily. The questions that follow are then taken from each story. There is a little overlap. Remember questions are scrambled, so while they v ary, all TCO’s will be tested. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently.This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your internet connection does break, when you reconnect you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. . See Syllabus â€Å"Due Dates for Assignments & Exams† for due date information. 4. Reminders: * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time * Click the â€Å"Save Answers† button often * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, logon again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, contact first the help desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the Final Exam at the top right of the page . Assessments with Multiple Pages: * Make sure you click the â€Å"Save Answers† button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on save answers while you are working) * Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review; check your work and be sure to answer all the parts of questions. * Do NOT use your browser's ‘Back' and ‘Forward' buttons during the Final Exam * Please use the provided links for navigation 6. Submitting Your Final Exam: When you are finished with the Final Exam, click on the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button * Please note: Once you click the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers 7. Exam Questions * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The exam has two short answe r questions worth 15 points each (TCO I and D. ) (Plan about 10 minutes each). * The exam has 7 essay questions worth 30 points each (TCO A, B, C, E, F, G, and H) (Plan about 23-25 minutes each. ) This gives you about a 30 minute buffer. The exam has a total of 240 points. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * On the short answer questions, just answer the question asked, with any brief detail to explain why you answered that way. If a list is requested, provide it. * On the essay questions your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. You can use bullets where appropriate (i. e. listing elements, defenses, or steps. Ensure you analyze and give reasons for answers as partial credit is given even if the answer is wrong. * Remember always use proper citation when quoting other sources! Place any quoted or borrowed material (even a short phrase) in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page #) immediately following the end of the passage. Even cite paraphrased information. Quoted or paraphrased material should not dominate a student’s work; use it sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Failure to properly cite material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam.Your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. * If you reference your text, it’s OK to just say Jennings, p__. 8. Some of the key study areas are as follows: (while these are key areas remember that the exam is comprehensive for all the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. * TCO A: Given an organizational requirement to conform business practices to both the law and best ethical practices, apply appropriate ethical theories to shape a business decision. Schools of thought * Ethical models – yo u will need to apply them to a factual situation much as you did in your midterm * TCO B: Given instances of federal regulation of business and commercial practices, determine the constitutional and regulatory bases for such regulation, and formulate a strategy by which an  impacted business can influence or contest regulating outcomes. * APA * process of regulation promulgation * Legal challenges to regulations (recall our Week 2 assignment, especially #5) TCO C: Given an example of corporate liability arising from the sale of defective and dangerous products, develop a business strategy that includes ethical considerations to minimize liability for claims of product liability and breach of warranty. * Strict Liability 402A – know the elements, relate them to the facts! * Negligence – don’t forget to cite the elements and relate them to the facts! * Warranties – again, expressed and implied, and relate them to the facts. * Defenses to all of these clai ms – don’t forget to use our terms: contributory negligence, assumption of risk, comparative negligence; relate them to the facts! TCO D: Given a business requirement to form a contract for the sale of goods and services to a customer, define the elements of a contract, and determine whether a duly formed contract is enforceable under the common law or Uniform Commercial Code. * Contract formation – remember the elements! * Contract performance * Defenses to contract performance * TCO E: Given specified circumstances of an employment relationship, determine the circumstances under which an employer is liable to an employee for employment discrimination or wrongful discharge. Creation of the agency relationship, including respondeat superior, negligent hiring, etc. * Responsibilities of the agent and principal * Theories of discrimination under Title VII – disparate treatment, impact; don’t forget sexual harassment, which is also covered, as well as age under the ADEA * Defenses to a Title VII charge * Enforcement of Title VII * TCO F: Given specified circumstances of business ownership of real and intellectual property, evaluate the rights of business to the protection of its property and the obligations arising out of the use of the property. Theories to protect business intellectual property (patents, copyright, etc. ) * Know the difference between appropriation (a privacy tort) and misappropriation (trade secrets). * Enforcement of business property rights (e. g. , product disparagement, trademark infringement, etc. ) * Defenses to these claims * TCO G: Given examples of anticompetitive or unfair trade practices, apply applicable antitrust or other consumer protection laws, and determine appropriate business strategies to prevent trade practices liabilities. Statutory protections for consumers * Bankruptcy * Restraints of trade * TCO H: Given a conflict between corporate stakeholders over a business decision, evaluate the legal and ethical responsibilities of corporate directors, officers, and controlling shareholders. * Duties and obligations of directors of a corporation * Insider Trading – be sure you know the elements * TCO I: Given specified circumstances of a business decision to expand to international markets, determine what international legal requirements or regulatory controls apply. Principles of international law * Resolution of international disputes * Jurisdiction in a private action between citizens or companies of different countries – understand sovereign immunity and how it applies and who may use it as a defense. * Jennings’s Article â€Å"Why an International Code of Ethics Would be Good† 9. Areas that were discussed in the threads will be prime targets. 10. Assignments will also be prime targets for revisiting. Finally, if you have any questions for me, please post them to our Q;A, or email me. Good luck on the exam!

Compare two of Palins meetings with people who are particularly memorable Essay

Pole to Pole is a piece of travel writing. It has also been made into a television show. The author of this piece of travel writing is Michael Palin, and it is about his journey from the North pole to the South pole. Michael Edward Palin, CBE (born 5 May 1943) is an English comedian, actor, writer and television presenter best known for being one of the members of the comedy group Monty Python and for his travel documentariesIn Pole to Pole, Michael Palin encounters several different people during his journey; these meetings were particularly memorable to him. Particularly the meetings, with Lyuba-Day 41 on board Junost- and Doctor Baela- witch doctor, day 108 in Zambia-. Palin meets Lyuba as he is travelling between countries on a boat, whereas he meets Dr Baela when he has just entered Mpulungu, but has been in the continent, Africa, for quite a long time. The use of language in these sections is effective because Palin portrays his attitude towards women. He does this by using a superlative to highlight his meeting with Lyuba. Palin also reinforces that he does not take Lyuba very seriously when he uses alliteration, â€Å"lovely Lyuba†, when he calls Lyuba â€Å"proprietress of the bar† he then implies a certain attitude towards women. This is because of the use of the word proprietress, meaning lady of the bar. This is also a contrast to Palin’s usual persona as Palin doesn’t normally criticize or seek to be sexist/ politically incorrect. When Palin visits Dr Baela he exaggerates the encounter by being dramatic. He also demonstrates that Dr Baela is weird and sort of unrealistic, when using emotive language such as â€Å"evil†, â€Å"shadow†, and â€Å"spirits†. This is because some people do not believe in such things as spirits and after life. When Dr Baela says what he thinks is wrong with Palin, Palin uses the word â€Å"concludes† in a sarcastic manner, this then suggests that Palin sees the meeting as a joke and does not take it seriously, as well as how strange he feels the meeting is. Therefore Palin does not take either of the encounters seriously. When Palin met Lyuba and Doctor Baela, both of these meetings were surprising and quite unexpected. These meetings were unexpected because Palin does not expect these people to act like they do, as well as being surprising. â€Å"Strangest encounter†, by using this Palin shows that his meeting with Lyuba was not just strange, but more than strange, this highlights the fact that he was not expecting this encounter with Lyuba, which is a contrast to life no the ship.This is comparable to Palin’s meeting with Doctor Baela, this is because Palin was surprised and didn’t expect Doctor Baela to act the way he did. â€Å"Only adds to the confusion.† By saying this Palin shows that he is confused, but he didn’t expect to be confused. â€Å"More seriously than I expected.† This quote also adds to the fact that Palin didn’t expect the day to go this way. I think Palin’s intention was to make both of these parts quite comical and laughable when he is with Dr Baela the incident begins comical but changes, I also feel that he was putting a strange and peculiar approach to the encounters. As reading this I would feel my response would be, that it was very different and an unforgettable experience. Therefore these encounters were both surprising and unexpected, this is because Palin did not expect the witch doctor to act the way he did which links in with the fact that he didn’t expect Lyuba to act the way she did. When meeting Lyuba, Palin uses a lot of sarcasm and humour in his language which is really effective, which differentiates this from the language Palin uses to make Doctor Baela sound completely silly, but also intimidating and that what he does is pointless. â€Å"If there’s nothing more normal in the world than sharing a water-logged packing case with a Russian Barmaid.† When Palin says this he says this in a very sarcastic way, saying â€Å"if there’s nothing more normal† he is being sarcastic that it actually is normal as well as being humorous and playful. This has an effect on the reader because it adds humour to the situation. â€Å"Which will ‘drive out’ any evil influence† By using the quotation marks either side of ‘drive out’ Palin shows the intention of making Baela sound pointless and useless. Using sarcasm and humour in the language makes Baela sound very unprofessional, and makes the reader feel that Baela is making a fool out of himself but everyone around him believes him although he talks a lot of nonsense, where as the language that he uses when he meets Lyuba then presents her to be quite intimidating, which adds to the affect of the flirting. I think when Palin is with Baela; his intention was to change a serious situation into a disappointing and peculiar one, as opposed to when he is with Lyuba and changing an awkward situation into a humorous one. I feel he does this because the reader may loose interest Palin uses a lot of description during these encounters with Lyuba and Doctor Baela. When Palin first sees Doctor Baela, he describes him extremely well, corresponding to his meeting with Lyuba when he uses very descriptive language. â€Å"He has pouting lips and big lazy eyes. He wears a head-dress of genet fur, a pink tunic with his name on the back and a pair of welding goggles.† By using this Palin describes what Doctor Baela looks like, in a very understandable and clear way. â€Å"Nonchalant British lounging† Using this in his diary entry for when he met Lyuba, Palin adds to the formality and description. Being this descriptive, as the reader I feel that this makes the situation clearer and more understandable similarly to when Palin is describing Doctor Baela. I feel that Palin’s intention was to show the reader really what was happening and to add to the fact that these situations were quite awkward. Overall I feel that these two meetings would be particularly memorable to Palin, I feel this because when someone goes through a long period of time not knowing where they are, not seeing friends or family, being some place different everyday, I would expect this to be quite emotional and that every different person he meets he would then remember because it is all a big opportunity and experience which he would like to gain the most out of. I chose Lyuba and Doctor Baela because they both are not the usual conversations or meetings you would have with a complete stranger, I also feel that these encounters will be quite unforgettable because Lyuba acted really flirty, quickly where as Doctor Baela acted quite rehearsed and quiet when it came to chatting. Therefore I feel that these meetings were particularly memorable to Palin’s journey.

Gender Issues in Africca Expressed through Literature Term Paper

Gender Issues in Africca Expressed through Literature - Term Paper Example The rest of this essay will highlight, compare and contrast the gender issues discussed in these novels. In particular it will argue that the two books in question bring key insight, understanding and a message of hope to women’s issues in their respective countries. So Long a Letter (originally published in French as ‘Une si longue lettre’), gives voice to women of Senegal in particular and Western Africa in general. It is written by Mariama Ba and is semi-autobiographical in content. Ramatoulaye Fall is the protagonist and first-person narrator of this epistolary novel. Addressed to her close friend Aissatou Ba, the letter was prompted by the narrator’s recent and unexpected widowhood. Ramatoulaye recounts to Aissatou the circumstances and the shock accompanying her husband’s death due to heart-attack. But having adopted the novel form, the letter touches upon topics far and beyond that of her immediate grief. And through her forays into all aspect s of women’s social rules and restrictions the feminist voice of the author comes alive. (Ba-Curry et.al, 2008, p.112) Especially astute are Ba’s grasp of interpersonal equations and balance of power between the two genders: â€Å"A woman is like a ball; once a ball is thrown, no one can predict where it will bounce. You have no control over where it rolls, and even less over who gets it. Often it is grabbed by an unexpected hand...Whereas a woman draws from the passing years the force of her devotion, despite the ageing of her companion, a man, on the other hand, restricts his field of tenderness. His egoistic eye looks over his partner's shoulder. He compares what he had with  what  he no long has, what he has with what he could have. (Ba, 1980, p.42) The novel Everything Good Will Come by Sefi Atta has thematic similarities in that its protagonist also is a girl living in postcolonial Nigeria and England. But compared to Miriama Ba’s work, Atta’s novel is created in a much broader canvas, covering political developments, ethnic conflict, crime as well as interpersonal relationships. The chief character in the novel is that of Enitan, who is confronting in her life various issues that have engulfed postcolonial Nigeria. Some of the most realistic and poignant passages in the novel pertain to the ethnic strife between groups such as Youruba, Igbo (Biafrans) and Housas, which has stifled progress and development in sovereign Nigeria. (Olowonmi, 2008, p.55) Sefi Atta emphasizes ‘bonding’ as a mechanism for achieving communal bliss. Via bonding, key characters in the story are able to share their burden and fight bravely to resist their oppressors and seek freedom for their loved ones. Dismantling this cloak of disillusionment then becomes a text-type for the survival of democratic governance in her country. According to the United Nations’ Global Human Development Report (2002) governance in action includes i nstitutions, rules and political processes. And these factors determine if economies grow, children go to school, and whether human development moves forward or backward. Thus, this perspective â€Å"is in consonance with the writer's vision when he/she moves through enormous materials to organize and orchestrate in order to open a window to prospective horizons as his/her art reflects reality. And conclusively, the writer caves for the deepening of democratic governance in Nigeria to ensure that the use of power in public affairs gives premium to human

Contemporary Trends in the Global Business Environment Coursework

Contemporary Trends in the Global Business Environment - Coursework Example The researcher states that Qantas Company seeks to analyze its environment for a sustainable future in the highly competitive market. Indeed, various trends have characterized the market and it is important for a clear analysis to be made so that the business can evaluate its continued viability. To this end, the company seeks to introduce new flights to Tehran, Iran, which it hopes that the idea will put the company in a better position to beat its competitors like the Fly Emirates that have strongholds in the Middle East. This report assesses the business in terms of the goals it will aim at achieving in the future. Businesses analyze their environments and plan in many ways. Indeed, most of these trends have evolved from the 1950’s to their present form. From a background where planning was considered in the rubric of budget concerns, modern organizations largely embrace scenario-based planning which takes into account the future of the company. Qantas in this perspective u ses a variety of strategies in its environmental analysis. Recent studies into the external environment of the business reveal that it contains three components, including the market, industry and the expansive macro environment. As an important aspect of the external environment, the market defines the clients of the business who make it possible for it to conduct its operations. The market for any business is different from others and specific to the industry. The industry, on the other hand, incorporates all the businesses that are involved in the airline venture. Industries have trends such as the legal requirements for safety, purchases of new planes in the market as well as the increasing need to expand the number of destinations that the company operates. The macro environment, on the other hand, focuses on certain aspects such as political, social or technological issues that affect the business’s operations.

Property law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Property law - Essay Example Therefore, the valuer or surveyor’s only real obligation is to the truth, in that the appraisal must be accurate and not inflated. There are a number of factors that goes into this, as discussed below. Moreover, real estate agents and brokers also have a duty to the truth. This means that they, like the surveyors and valuers, must do extensive research before selling a house, and if they make a material omission or false statement of fact, they will be liable, and this liability is strict. This means that there is liability, regardless of whether the statement is innocent, negligent, reckless or intentional. Therefore, anybody in real estate has a duty to anybody who might be affected by their statements or appraisals, which means that anybody in real estate has the duty to do a thorough and diligent search before committing themselves to selling a house, in the case of real estate agents, or valuing a house, in the case of surveyors or valuers. Two Types of Liability The Prop erty Misdescriptions Act 1991 is an Act that governs many different types of ethical breaches a surveyor might encounter or commit. It states that, when a real estate professional makes a false or misleading statement during the course of a business transaction, the person who made the statement is guilty of an offence under this Act (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991 Â § 1(1)). The same goes for an employee – if an employee makes a false or misleading statement during the course of a business transaction, that employee can be guilty under the Act, whether or not the employer is involved with the breach (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991 Â § 1(2)). The misleading statement must also be material, not trivial, and this is judged by the perspective of the reasonable person (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991). Whether or not the statement is misleading is also judged from the perspective of a reasonable person (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991). Moreover, the Act i s one of strict liability, which means that any statement can be actionable, not just statements that are negligent, reckless or intentional (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991). Therefore, under the Property Misrepresentations Act, a real estate professional, any real estate professional, must be very careful with what they tell prospective buyers. Because the Act is one of strict liability, which means that a real estate professional can still be found guilty under this Act, even if that professional is not aware that the statement that he or she is making is false, that means that one of the major responsibilities that a real estate professional has is the duty to ensure that their statements are true and that there are no material omissions. This would mean that extensive research must be done during any transaction, including title searches, surveys, accurate property appraisals and the like. That said, surveyors may be at risk of negligence. According Murdoch (2005) surveyor s may be guilty of negligence when they do not use skill in preparing their reports and the homeowner relied upon the surveyor’s report (Murdoch, 2005, p. 1). Historically, however, the homeowner would not be able to recover damages from the surveyor, as there was no privity of contract between the homeowner and the surveyor. The privity of contra