Management Information System Case Study - 1251 Words

Question: 1. In the case study, we referred to the systems being developed and used as decision support systems. However, we also identified various artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. How can a decision support system incorporate and use AI technologies such as pattern recognition? Answer: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) tools and techniques can aid in the diagnosis of disease states and assessment of treatment outcomes, so AI can be used by a decision support system as pattern recognition to analyze healthcare data and generate a representation of knowledge and make a decision support. One of this AI technologies tools is the Artificial Neural Networks which work much like the human brain and have the ability to learn from†¦show more content†¦But If I am in this case, or if I’m going to be their patient, I would probably choose opt-in because I know that this my health profiles are really needed for them to determine the appropriate therapies for me and of course it is also for my own benefits so I will allow their system to use my profile. Question: 3. In this case, demographic information such as ethnicity, gender, and age greatly impacts the quality of the decision support and analysis. The same could be argued for the predictive analytics system used by the Richmond police in this chapter’s first case study. Why would some people find it acceptable to use such demographic data in this case (for medical purposes) and not in the first case (for predicting crime, its location, and its timing)? Answer: For me the demographic data is really meant or better to use for medical purposes than for predicting crime. â€Å"Woman ages from 60-80 are prone to osteoporosis.† is an example of what I always heard about health. I believe that there are diseases for specific age or gender, for example uterus cancer is for woman only and alzheimers disease is for adult and not for children. And for ethnicity, I think people’s health will also be affected from their environment, the way they live or the food they eat. So this demographic data is really used in medical purpose. AndShow MoreRelatedManagement Information System Case Study1262 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion: 1. In the case study, we referred to the systems being developed and used as decision support systems. However, we also identified various artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. How can a decision support system incorporate and use AI technologies such as pattern recognition? Answer: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) tools and techniques can aid in the diagnosis of disease states and assessment of treatment outcomes, so AI can be used by a decision support system as pattern recognition toRead MoreStrategic Information System Management Case Study1759 Words   |  8 Pages Strategic Information System Management Name: Institution: Date: In the recent time there have been numerous of business groups and organizations that come up only to be in operation for a short period of time and there after they break apart. Typical example is of such groups is Bizcafe business group. They are always composed of few members and they aim at achieving short time goals. In most cases, they are dissolved once their objectives are immediately met. Although Bizcafe, a typicalRead MorePolyProds Management Information System: A Case Study3977 Words   |  16 Pagesdifferences in style, skill, education and attitude in every organization now accentuated when we think of the multi-national organization. In our case study, for instance, Roberta Jackson is an experience first-level manager employed by Polyprods manufacturing and distribution division. She is actively trying to improve the current management information system (MIS), but while committed, realizes it will be a difficult job. Failure of her objective could cost the organizati on millions of dollars inRead MoreCase Study Questions On Management Information Systems1409 Words   |  6 Pages BA60275H217- Management Information Systems Case Study - 1 CU ID: 547100 Prof : Jimmie Flores 1) Was cyber security a priority at Target? Explain. It is not that much of priority at Target. The people of Target understood it after the Point of Sale (POS) attack is a big issue at target which has to be organized immediately and making the condition protected. Around 6 pm in the evening, the target condition is in safe and secure and it is terminated the malware atRead MoreCase Study: Management Information System of a Bus Company3402 Words   |  14 PagesIT 112: Management Information System CASE STUDY: MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM OF A BUS COMPANY By: Ledeza May S. Buntag Bernamie A. Barnaja Mary Claire P. Boco Claire P. Cervantes Jowen S. Delima Introduction Increasing number of population also increases the number of passengers which requires large source of public transportation that is convenient, safe, and affordable for a typical person along for the ride. Bus companies play a vital role in transportation now a day. From itsRead MoreManagement Information System Case Study for Dirt Bikes USA4777 Words   |  20 PagesDirt Bikes USA Case Study Chapter 1Management Overview of Dirt Bikes Introduction of Dirt Bikes Dirt Bikes USA, a small company headquartered in Carbondalewas founded in 1991 by Car Schmidt and Steven McFadden, two young but experienced bikers with engineering backgrounds who saw that dirt bikes were becoming very popular in the Unites States as both sporting and racing motorcycles. In the early time, they developed frames for dirt bikes that were more suited to off-road handling and used itRead MoreEffectiveness of Management Information System. a Case Study of Holiday Inn Beitbridge934 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.0 Introduction This chapter seeks to provide the basis of the research project. It will entail what the researcher intends to research on. The current capabilities of the Management Information System in place and how it is suppose to perform to improve on its effectiveness in the day to day running of the hotel. 1.1Background of the study Since Express by Holiday Inn was opened in November 1998 the hotel has always used CLS for its operations. EmployeesRead MoreDesign And Implementation Of A Computerized Farm Management Information System (A Case Study Of A Piggery Farm)2023 Words   |  9 Pagesof the study Objective of the study 1.2.1 Statement of problem Significant of the study Scope of the study Methodology Definition of terms Project thesis CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER THREE Overview of the existing system Description and analysis of the existing system Method of data collection 3.2.1 Interview method Observation method Input analysis Process analysis Output analysis Problem of the existing system Justification of the new system CHAPTER FOUR Design of the new system OutputRead MoreAnalysis of Communication Challenges and Potential Solutions: Case Study of a Laboratory Information Management System Project Team3660 Words   |  15 PagesCommunication Challenges and Potential Solutions: Case Study of a Laboratory Information Management System Project Team Author: Kevin J. Hricko September 30, 2008 Analysis of Communication Challenges and Potential Solutions: Case Study of a Laboratory Information Management System Project Team This paper examines the communication challenges observed during the execution of a project to design and deploy a global Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) to support worldwide research andRead MoreComair1351 Words   |  6 Pagesof the case study; Airline Industry Analysis, Comair. In this report we also will include both traditional and changing strategies within the industry. In this report, point will be discussed such as what causes the failure? What should be done by the manager, Delta executive and IT crew management to avoid this exposure Problem : Comair’s Crew Scheduling System Breaks Down Case Study : Airline Industry Analysis Comair, the airline which is owned by Delta Air Lines. The network system crashed

Using Genetic Testing For Breast Cancer - 1497 Words

According to Susan G. Komen only about 5 to 10% of breast cancer in the United States are due to inherited genes mutation. In other words, breast cancer is not always linked from a parent to child, only a small amount of people in the U.S. have an inherited gene. Genes are pieces of DNA that every cell in the body contains which includes the genetic code for your body. If there are any changes in the genetic code- DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in the living body, there will be an effect in the function of the genes which will result in mutation. Many inherited mutations have little to no effect on a persons health. However, there can still be a higher risk of breast cancer. In the book What You Need to Know Now†¦show more content†¦As well as 45 to 65 percent of women who inherit these harmful will most likely have breast cancer by the age of 70. In other words, if their is an inherited mutation of one or both mutations there is a greater chance of dea ling with breast cancer for a time in life or a lifetime. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are the human tumor suppressor proteins type 1 and 2 found in humans to repair DNA. If there is a negative result of an BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 there still is a low chance of developing breast cancer which is why it is very important to get routine screening. If there is positive result of a the gene there is a certainty that you have a risk of breast cancer. Women who carry the BRCA mutation are given different ways of early and severe chemoprevention, surveillance and prophylactic surgery. Nevertheless it is very rare and usually affects older men who can also carry these mutations, having a risk of breast cancer and pass them on to their children. In fact, test from children with parents of breast cancer focusing on mood, social functioning and behavior problem by Lizbeth Hoke show that there is no significant difference between children of the breast cancer group and not in the group. However, women that do have breast cancer resulted in psychological distress more than others but their treatment and illness were not related to their children. Due to their distress children of mothers who have breast cancer were found to do better in academic and social more than

The Omnivore s Dilemm A Natural History Of Four Meals

Jo-Anney Yandall Food Societies Dr. Kathryn Besio The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals Michael Pollan. New York: Penguin Group, 2006. 1-411 pp., (ISBN 978-0-14-303858-0). As omnivorous beings, it seems that is both a blessing and a curse to have such a vast amount of meal choices to choose from. In The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan explores the majority of these options and offers a sort of guide on how to make a choice. The UC Berkeley Graduate School journalism professor takes us on an eye-opening ride with this book where we find out horrifying truths on the ingredients of the foods we eat every day and whether our choices benefit our bank accounts more than they do our health and the earth. The book is divided into three sections with each section focused on the major players in our diet in terms of where they come from. The first section (consisting of the first seven chapters) would, of course, focus the industrial food chain. The second emphasizes alternative foods, mainly organic foods and the last section is based on hunter-gatherer foods. Each section ends with a meal that he consumes and gives us his thoughts on such. Pollan begins his journey of exploring the industrial food chain by taking a trip to the supermarket. Reason being, most Americans, buy their food from such stores. During this trip, he finds what seems to be a wide variety of choices. However, majority of these choices have one thing in common: they have corn in them or

Nelson Mandel The Icon Of Power And Tolerance - 1315 Words

Mandela.. The Icon of Power and Tolerance Nelson Mandela is one of the most prominent and the most inspiring character of our time. This character became the inspiration for a complete school that teaches the meanings of the wonderful humanitarian implications and instills the supreme values and concepts of civilization. Within the adversity that surrounded, he still had the courage and determination, along with the struggle and resistance for liberation. He was a school of life. Rom Brafman, the author of â€Å"SUCCEEDING WHEN YOU’RE SUPPOSED TO FAIL, The 6 Principals of High Achievement†, discussed some researches about how people act when they are facing adversities and hardship. He pointed out to some traits, tunneling, unwavering commitment, meaning making, and the importance of satellite figure. When we read the books that documented Mandela ’s life, and specially his book â€Å"A Long Walk to Freedom†, we can simply find him as â€Å"tunneler†, a figure of unwavering commitment, who made meaning and understood the importance of satellite figure. Mandela’s life was not simple and easy; he was surrounded by adversities and hardship all his life. Brafman says, â€Å"The tunnelers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. routinely approach their lives from a slightly different perspective or angle. And that approach makes all the difference.† (p178) Tunellers look at their adversity, evaluate it, and find the solution that enables them to overcome this adversity. Mandela was a black boy born in a society dominated by the

Discuss the principle underlying the Practical Life...

Discuss the principle underlying the Practical Life exercises and how it fosters independence in children. What is Practical Life exercise? Practical life exercise means the basic everyday life, all the things we need to for daily living. Dr Maria Montessori felt that children need to be shown and given opportunities so that they learn how to do everyday living activities in a purposeful way. â€Å"The child can only develop by means of experience in his environment. We call such experience work.† – Maria Montessori Children prefer to work than to play and they can only be in their natural self, when their natural self is satisfied through work. It’s also through work they acquire concentration, co-ordination, control, independence and†¦show more content†¦Exercises in each of these categories provide the opportunity to do purposeful work and are designed to teach the child life skills, so that they may became confident to do their daily chores at home. Activities grouped under â€Å"Development of Motor Skills†, such as carrying, pouring, squeezing an d twisting give the opportunity to exercise and co-ordinate body movements of the child. Movement is very important to the child because it contributes and spiritual development of the child. â€Å"Through movement, he acts upon his external environment and thus carries out his personal mission in the world. Movement is not only an impression of the ego but it is an indispensable factor in the development of consciousness, since it is the only real means which places the ego in a clearly defined relationship with external reality.† (The Secret of childhood, 1966) The child learns to ‘Care of the Environment’ from exercises like cutting, cleaning, washing, polishing, sewing and more. They learn that they are a part of the environment and learn to respect and develop a sense of responsibility towards the environment. Also the child will gradually learn how to gain greater control of his motor movements so that he would be able to perform more complex tasks later on . Some of the activities such as washing of table can be carried out as a group task, which helps the child to be socialized. TheShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychology14082 Words   |  57 PagesBASIC ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what children are like and how they changeRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14091 Words   |  57 PagesISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what children are like and how they changeRead MoreCorruption Is Barrier to Development in Pakistan9592 Words   |  39 PagesEngineering BUITEMS Quetta syedizatullah@yahoo.com Outline I. INTRODUCTION 1. What is Corruption? A. The abuse of power for private gain is called corruption B. Corruption is authority plus monopoly minus transferency 2. Corruption in different away of life A. Bribery B. Nepotism C. Fraud D. Embezzlement E. Political Corruption F. Administrative Corruption 3. Causes of Corruption in society 4. Genesis of Corruption 5. Consequences of Corruption II. Corruption in Pakistan and barrier to its developmentRead MorePlenary Session69346 Words   |  278 Pageshave to score your results, as the web page does so for you, 2) You will receive a detailed type report immediately after completing the web based survey, and 3) I will be able to present your group’s specific data at the session. Several hints about how to best complete this survey: †¢ There are no right answers to any of these questions. †¢ Answer the questions quickly, do not over-analyze them. Some seem worded poorly. Go with what feels best. †¢ Answer the questions as â€Å"the way you are†, not â€Å"the wayRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreMethod of Teaching and Learning18614 Words   |  75 Pageswith the introduction of the Deanery’s new web-based learning package for clinical teachers. Each of the papers provides a summary and background reading on a core topic in clinical education. Aims The aims of this paper are to: †¢ Provide ideas of how to make the most of clinical situations when teaching students or trainees †¢ Raise awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of a range of teaching and learning methods in clinical teaching †¢ Enable you to identify aspects of your everyday workRead MoreHistory of Mental Health by Mind8472 Words   |  34 Pagescentral principles: in terms of health care, that prevention is cheaper and more effective than cure in terms of social care, that charitable activity has its proper place in supporting a public service. The report also suggested that the Poor Law should be replaced by specialised social services dealing with separate categories of people. 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This paper will try to find out to what extent the associationism theory of John Locke will be applicable in analyzing how Kenyan education has contributed to lack of creativity in the country. Based on this theory, it is hoped that solutions will be suggested. It’s my position that we go back to the drawing board (in this case, classroom) to re-design our curriculum. ThereRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pagesgroup vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. | Contact farmers and community leaders may be unable to attend training activities due to caring responsibilities. Project likely to lose trained beneficiaries and their knowledge, experience and labour.Some destitute children, often AIDS orphans, are forced into child labour. | Agricultural/rural development projects actively address in their regular activities the factors that increase vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. | Community development workers of a food security project

Discrimination and Mobile Phones free essay sample

1. 1 List the aspects of employment covered by law Here is a list of the aspects of employment covered by law; The Disability Discrimination act The Discrimination Act The Sex Discrimination Act Human Rights of older people in healthcare Data Protection Act RIDDOR 1995 1. 2 List the main features of current employment legislation Here is a list of some of the main features of current employment legislation; The Employment Rights Act The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Equal Pay Act of 1970 The Race Relations Act 1976 The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 The Working Time Directive 1999 The Employment Relations Act 1999 1. 3 Outline why legislation relating to employment exists These legislations protect workers; there safety and human rights in the work place. It protects there pay/sick pay, working conditions (safety standards) , maximum working hours, breaks, discrimination, bullying, ect. It also makes sure that everyone gets equal opportunities, 1. 4 Identify sources and types of information and advice available in relation to employment responsibilities and available in relation to employment responsibilities and rights There are many sources and types of information/advice regarding employment responsibilities and rights. A lot of these can be found within your work place, they are; Contract Handbook Policy Documents Terms and Conditions Job Description Ask your manager and they will be able to help you find these. There are also an abundance of sources and types externally, they are; Citizens Advice Bureau ACAS Access to Work Additional learning Support Lastly the internet is a good source of information, The best place being Gov. uk. Learning outcome 2 Understand agrees ways of working that protects own relationship with employer 2. 1 Describe the terms and conditions of own contract of employment Terms and conditions of own contract of employment include hours worked, pay rate, holiday entitlement, contribution of objectives of job role to care homes Key aims. Terms and conditions of employment, a statement and instructions of what my employers expect of me, also my job description. The employer expects staff to read and follow the policy and procedures that the home has, to attend all training, supervision and staff meetings. 2. 2 Describe the information shown on own pay statement The information on my pay statement is as follows; Employee My name Date The day I get paid Employer Arlington House Residential care home Department Staff N. I Number My National Insurance Number Tax Code How much I get paid before I pay tax Pay method The way in which I get paid Period What month I am paid in the tax year Year To Date Lists my total pay, N. I pay I have received or paid up to that date in the tax year Pay Basic pay the amount I have been paid before deductions Deductions Tax and I. N been paid Taxable Pay Money that attracts tax Non-Taxable Pay Money that cannot be taxed Total Pay Is taxable pay plus non-taxable pay Net Pay Is the amount of pay that will be placed into my account 2. 3 Describe the procedures to follow in event of a grievance In an event of a grievance you must speak to you manager about the problem you are having. If you are not satisfied that the issue has been dealt with you can make a formal grievance. To do this you would have to put your grievance in writing, meet with your employer to discuss the issue. If nothing can be resolved it could be passed to head office. 2. 4 Identify the personal information that must be kept up to date with own employer The personal information that needs to be kept up to date are; your name and address, contact details, emergency medical contact and any medical problems that may affect my work. This would include any holidays that you would be requesting off. 2. 5 Explain agreed ways of working with employer There are many ways of working that have been agreed to between carer and employer. This being how to meet data protection requirements, the right procedures to report a grievance, how to promote equality and diversity, how health and safety features are to be followed, procedures on conflict management, follow care plans and safeguarding policies. Learning outcome 3 Understand how own role fits within the wider context of the sector 3. 1 Explain how own role fits within the delivery of the service provider My role within the delivery of the service provider is; Getting to know clients, their interests and needs Helping clients with daily personal care such as; washing, dressing, using the toilet and feeding themselves Carrying out general tasks such as; laundry and bed making Accompanying clients to doctors or hospital appointments Helping clients with their daily activities Providing emotional and social support Liaising with family and health care providers 3. 2 Explain the effect of own role on service provision My own role effects the service provision as I make sure the clients have the best quality of life that is possible. I do this by following agreed standards and applying the principles of care. If I did not do this the client would become neglected and it would be a dereliction of duty. 3. 3 Describe how own role links to the wider sector I link with the wider sector by liaise with other agencies to provide seamless care, such as attending appointments with clients or carrying out treatment/therapy regimes set by professionals. 3. 4 Describe the main roles and responsibilities of representative bodies that influence the wider sector It is the main role of a District Nurse coming to a care home is to give medical support to a client, to monitor the quality of care a client is receiving, to offer help, advice and support. The main role of the Care Quality Commission within a care home setting is making sure the care service provided to clients is safe, effective, compassionate and to a high quality of care. They would also encourage making improvements. They would do this by making regular inspections. The main role a GP in a care home setting is to give medical treatment, asses clients medical needs and make sure the client is receiving the best quality of medical support. Learning Outcome 4 Understanding career pathways available within own and related sectors 4. 1 Explore different types of occupational opportunities There are a few occupational opportunities in the care sector, this being given the chance to do a NVQ qualifications that could lead to entry for nursing qualifications. Having a NVQ level 4 could lead you into a chance to do a Level 5 in Leadership for health and Social Care, giving you Managerial qualifications. 4. 2 Identify sources of information related to a chosen career pathway You can find information about a chosen career pathway in the health care sector by, talking to your manager, talking to a careers adviser at your local Jobcentre, looking on-line at web sites such as; National Careers Service or Gov. uk 4. 3 Identify next step in own career pathway After completing my Level 2 NVQ in Heath and Social Care I aim to do the next 2 Levels, working towards gaining Nurse training to work as a Health assistant (Nursing auxiliaries). Learning Outcome 5 Understanding how issues of public concern may affect the image and delivery of the service in the sector 5. 1 Identify occasions where the public have raised concerns regarding issues within sector Concerns have been raised by the public regarding mobile phones being used at improper times, where photographs have been taken and used inappropriately Concerns have been raised by the public a care home in Dorset. The person who raised the concerns reported very poor care to residents and had witnessed a resident being roughly handled and pushed against a wall, there are many reports similar to this that have made the public concerned about abuse in care homes. 5. 2 Outline different viewpoints around an issue of public concern relevant to the sector Some people feel that mobile phones should not be used by staff while on shift, that answering a mobile in unprofessional and is a disregard for the residence. Using mobile phones would take up an in proportionate amount of time. People feel the care giver would become distracted and harm would come to the resident, also pictures being taken could be used inappropriately. Many staff feel that they should be allowed to use their mobile phones while on shift for emergencies and to assist in their work. 5. 3 Describe how issues of public concern have altered public views of the sector The public concern on the use of mobile phones while staff are on duty have altered, as the public are more cautious of the carers looking after residence. They feel that there should be stricter guidelines and plenty for the miss use of mobiles, thus protecting the residence. 5. 4 Describe recent changes in service delivery which have affected own area of work My employer above public concern put in place a mobile phone policy, it states that staff are not allowed to used their mobile phones while on duty, exempting emergencies. There will be disciplinary action if found using one and instant dismissal if found taking a picture. The Department of Health have made available a grant for dementia homes, this grant has enabled the care home I work in to make modifications to help create an environment to help the residents with dementia reduce anxiety, distress and help people feel safe. My employer has done this by making the main recreational rooms in the home open plan so residence can always see staff. Reducing the chance of residents becomes distressed as they think there lost. My employers have also made the entire flooring one colour in the halls so the residents could distinguish these from their rooms, large photos of local scenes from the past to prompt people’s memories and making the decor calming colours.

Developing Human Resource and its Impact on Organisational Performance

Question: Discuss a systematic literature review to identify how does developing HR has an impact on the performance of the organisation? Answer: Literature Review This report will discuss a systematic literature review to identify how does developing HR has an impact on the performance of the organisation. In the modern age, human resource department forms an integral part in any organisation. The organisations have started realising the unique influence of HR department on the functioning of the organisation as the business environment has become highly competitive and complex. These days organisations compete with each other to acquire the best talented resource available(Alagaraja and Shuck, 2015). This situation has resulted due to dearth of talented employees in the market. This scenario of the business has made it necessary for companies to retain the talented pool of candidates by keeping them motivated and provide them job satisfaction. Organisations have realised that satisfied and dedicated workforce can help the organisation to achieve its goals effectively and take the success of the organisation to a very high level. Effective human resources can help the firm to gain competitive advantage over its competitor. Thus, the importance of adopting appropriate HR policies have b een realised as an effective and efficient HR can positively impact the organisational performance. The human resource department has many strategic roles to play within the organisation. They are required to be a participant in formulating the mission and vision of the organisation. They are also responsible for addressing the grievances of the employees; manage the industrial relation with the workers and trade unions, carry out unbiased and timely performance appraisals, undertake various activities to keep the employee motivated and add to the intrinsic value of the job(Baptista and LeitaÃÅ'Æ’o, 2014). They are the ones who need to take initiative to break monotony at work and handle any conflict. They are responsible of recruiting right kind of people in right numbers at right time. They need to assess the training needs and then arrange for training to ensure the personal growth of each employee. He needs to ensure proper flow of communication within and outside the organisation. Therefore, it can be said that the role of HR manager has become extremely challenging in rec ent days. An HR manager requires having several skills, all at once. Few of the important skills are, leadership qualities, innovative, good inter personal skills, negotiation skills, conflict management, planning and analytical abilities, problem solving and decision making skills etc. In an era of rapid globalisation and fluctuating economies coupled with intense competition and diverse needs of the consumers, the companies need to push its performance levels by reducing costs, improving their quality, enhancing its productivity and brining in innovative products quickly (Bridger, 2013). It has been an area of research to identify its impact on organisation performance. There are a number of literatures available which concludes that there is a significant impact of developed human resource on organisational performance and on employee turnover and it results in improved financial performance of the organisation. It has been proved time and again that if an organisation takes care of its employees then the employees also takes care of the organisation in return. If the firm treats them well and provide ample opportunity for personal growth for them, then they are willing to walk that extra mile to achieve phenomenal success while reaching their goals. Organisation s can achieve its goals only through the efforts of the employees(Cheung-Judge and Holbeche, 2013). And to do so, they need to ensure that they create a sense of belongingness and pride among its employees. Therefore, it necessitates the firms to undertake employee development programs. Employee Development does not only mean providing training to employees. Training the employees is just a part of employee development. Training helps the employees to enhance their skills and gain new knowledge which will help them to perform their current job in an effective manner. Employee development includes a range of activities. It is not only focused on the job, instead it aims towards the overall development of the employees. It focuses on the improving those skill and behaviours that will enable them to attain effectiveness in the long run (Georgiades, 2014). This will ensure that the firm will be able to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Development activities range across various categories. The various dimensions are as follows: Voluntary Vs Involuntary: some organisation incorporate development activities in its HR policies and encourages it employees to take part in various training programs, job rotation programs. The organisation provides them coaching and mentoring opportunities as a part of employee development program(GrublienÄ— and UrbonaitÄ—, 2014). This is called voluntary efforts taken by the organisation for employee development. Potential employees, who are expecting promotion, voluntarily participate in such activities. Few employees participate in such programs to enhance their knowledge and experience. They engage into self directed learnings and other look for opportunities to hone their skills. Formal Vs Informal: Formal development programs are organised by the company which is targeted towards the development of precise skills and behaviours and to add the specific knowledge base. Such programs may include job enrichment programs or planning a lateral move for the potential employees (Jaremczuk and Mazurkiewicz, 2014). Informal activities are not particularly designed by the organisations, but they provide opportunities for those employees who are willing to learn. Employees might participate in extracurricular activities, organised by the company, to enhance their skills and knowledge which can be used at the workplace. Current Vs Future oriented: this dimension identify the degree to which the knowledge and skill of the employees will be enhanced, which will help them to improve performance in the current job, if the development activities are undertaken. Also it determines how well they will be prepared for future challenges or changes that might occur in their current job (Javed, Balouch and Hassan, 2014). Incremental Vs Frame breaking: These are the learning experiences. Incremental learning is situations where the employee is given time to clarify his role expectations and certain amount of flexibility is there for self paced learning (Lancaster and Di Milia, 2014). Here the organisation widens the job responsibility to learn from experience. Whereas, in frame breaking is a learning situation where the employee need to have high thrust for learning and risk taking ability and be prepared for failure. Introspective Vs Interactive: Development activities undertaken by the organisations is also influenced by the amount of employee interaction required with the work environment (Li, 2014). If assessment centres are used then, an employee explores about his skills, values and interest. But when, job rotation is done to make the employee learn through experience, it requires him to interact with others. Thus, this becomes interactive. Thus, an organisation makes use of a balanced mix of all the dimensions mentioned above. They choose the mix to effectively develop their employees. While discussing the dimensions, there were short descriptions of various methods that are adopted by employers to develop its employees. There are various other methods which can be used by the organisation to develop the employees. They are as follows: Employee assessment is a common method where they are provided feedback about their behaviour, skills and communication styles. These feedbacks are provided by the colleagues, the customer and manager of the employee (Saks and Gruman, 2014). This allows an individual to identify his strengths and weakness and create self awareness about where they need to improve to be more effective. Various tools used to assess employees such as performance appraisals, assessment centres and Myers-Briggs Type Inventory is most popularly used. Proving a wide range of job experience by exposing them to various challenges in the job. To do this, job rotation, job enrichment, employee exchange programs, lateral moves and promotions are used. Lateral moves means that an employee moves to another designation with similar status, responsibility with similar pay. Only, this new position may have some challenging tasks which will encourage the employee to learn new skills and gain experiences (Shuck et al., 2014). The Development Challenge Profile has been created to identify the components that are required to be developed for managerial positions. Employee exchanges are a recent concept, wherein the employees are exchanged between two organisations who are customers to each other in terms of products and service. This allows the employee to gain phenomenal experience if reality and how things work outside their organisation. The employee can apply this new learned knowledge when he returns back to his own organisation. Formal Educational Programs are another way of developing employees. There are programs which are specially designed for working people and it is conducted for short period by the universities and other consulting firms (Shuck et al., 2014). There are MBA programs and lectures by experts etc. Now a day there is a surge in the number of such companies who offer professional courses for the working people. Some organisations grant a leave to its employees to pursue higher studies so that when they return, they can give back excellent results to the organisation. The organisation can introduce personal development plans for employees so that they are rest assured that they will also grow with the organisation. The organisations have started taking this initiative where the employer and employee generates a list of goals that both seeks to achieve within a specified period of time (Skorupinska, 2015). This encourages the employees to strive for organisational excellence while developing one self. Leadership training, cross cultural training, on the job and off the job training and many other kinds of training is another method used to develop employee. These kinds of training aims at enhancing a particular set of skills of the employee. When a company plans to engage in employee development programs, they need to communicate this to its employees. This will enable the company to get the support of the employees and they understand that the organization is concerned about their personal growth and well being (Walton and Valentin, 2014). Thus this makes it even important for companies to communicate this to the employee which will help them to develop strategy. The organisation should communicate effectively about why they want to conduct the development program. They should ask the employees that how they would like to receive the development program. The organisation shall then make sure that the sessions are based on adult learning principles. This will ensure that the participants are actively involved in the process and they are able to apply the new knowledge acquired to their jobs effectively. Applying the adult learning principle will also ensure that the program makes use of a range of learning style and that the process in goal oriented. Thus it can be concluded that the employee development programs are essential in order motivate employees and improve their morale. This will boost their performance and increase the productivity of the organisation. In the present era, which is characterised by rapid technological advancement, it is important for companies to become a learning organisation in order to survive and thrive in the long run. This will also help the organisation to communicate its expectations that they want its employee to enhance their skills in order to keep themselves updated (Williams, 2014). This will provide the organisation to gain competitive advantage over its competitor. Employees are the ones who will produce, manage and deliver the products and services of the organisation. They serve as the face of the company as they are the first contact point of the consumers. The employee development programs can have a very positive impact on the organisational productivity and performance. It creates p ositive changes at the workplace which leads to environment of mutual trust and openness. These programs also make the employees responsible and accountable for their behaviour and conduct. This will help in keeping the employees focused towards the goals and ensure that they adhere to the rules of the organisation. Thus, by studying the literature review, it can be concluded that the organisations need to provide opportunities for personal development of employees. This will yield better results in the long run, as mentioned above. The organisations have started taking initiatives to invest in employee development program.